民间童话中的恐怖叙事与伦理困境--以“格林童话”与“林兰童话”的对读为方法

Horror Narration and Ethical Predicament in Folk Fairy Tales:Taking the Parallel Reading of“Grimm’s Fairy Tales”and“Lin Lan’s Fairy Tales”as the Method

民间童话在传递真善美的同时包孕着诸多恐怖元素,其恐怖叙事指向故事的深层结构,再现了人类历史进程中的黑暗印记与集体心灵创伤。“格林童话”和“林兰童话”两种文本对于恐怖叙事的研究具有典型意义,在中西不同视域下展现了“恐怖”之于儿童文学的精神内涵与表现形式。“在家—离家”范式下的恐怖空间、表征文化他者的怪物形象以及非理性的暴力事件,共同构筑了隐匿在童话中的恐怖世界。从伦理环境、伦理身份、伦理选择三个层面,可以发掘民间童话恐怖话语下的多重伦理困境:一是成人设置禁忌而儿童打破禁忌;二是善以恶的形式战胜恶;三是恐怖的删改与否关涉着“民间性”与“儿童性”的悖反。恐怖叙事中的伦理困境直接指向童话故事的本质内涵,对于恐怖叙事的伦理学思考推动着儿童文学进一步开拓新的审美疆域。

Folk fairy tales convey truth,goodness and beauty,but also contain many horror elements.Horror narration of folk fairy tales points to the deep structure of the story and reappears the dark mark and collective spiritual trauma in the course of human history.The two texts“Grimm’s Fairy Tales”and“Lin Lan’s Fairy Tales”are of typical significance to the study of horror narration,and show the spiritual connotation and expression of“horror”in children’s literature from different perspectives in China and the West.The horror space under the paradigm of“home-away”,the monster image representing the cultural other and the irrational violent incident jointly construct the horror world hidden in fairy tales.From the ethical environment,ethical identity and ethical selection,we can discovery the multiple ethical predicaments under the horror discourse of folk fairy tales:firstly,adults set taboos and children break them;secondly,good overcomes evil in the form of evil;thirdly,whether the horror is deleted or not is related to the paradox between“folk nature”and“child’s nature”.The ethical predicament in horror narration directly points to the essential connotation of fairy tales,and the ethical thinking on horror narration promotes children’s literature to further explore new aesthetic fields.