北露天煤矿卡车路面运输粉尘运移规律模拟研究

Simulation Study on Dust Migration Law of Truck Road Transport in North Open-pit Coal Mine

卡车道路运输作业时产生的粉尘是露天煤矿最大的粉尘源之一,粉尘严重损害人体健康,影响能见度,对煤矿运输构成重大安全隐患。以霍林河北露天煤矿卡车路面运输作业为研究背景,采用FLUENT 19.2软件建立卡车三维流场模型,分别分析车型、车速、风速及路面含水率对路面粉尘运移规律的影响。研究结果表明:卡车运动对外流场扰动较大,靠近车尾与轮胎两侧气流相对紊乱,车后方扰动强度大于车前方;司机呼吸区域粉尘浓度较低,前后轮之间及车身后方粉尘浓度较高;在逆风行驶时,车速增加对粉尘速度提升影响较为显著,向后运移速度越快且距离越远,车轮两侧以及车后方区域粉尘浓度越高,车头截面位置粉尘浓度呈先增加后下降趋势;风速较小时,车轮附近粉尘浓度最大,随着风速增大,粉尘集中分布在车尾及车尾后方,总体呈现“递增—饱和—递减—稳定”趋势;保持卡车路面喷水量为0.15 L/m^(2),即路面土壤含水率为4.1%时,路面粉尘控制效果最佳。研究结果可为实现露天煤矿卡车路面运输粉尘有效控制提供理论依据。

Dust generated during truck road transportation is one of the largest dust sources in open-pit coal mines.Dust seriously damages human health and affects visibility,which poses a major safety hazard to coal mine transportation.Taking the truck road transportation operation in Huolinhe North Open-pit Coal Mine as the research background,the threedimensional flow field model of the truck was established by using FLUENT 19.2 software,and the effects of vehicle type,vehicle speed,wind speed and road moisture content on the dust migration law of the road surface were analyzed respectively.The results show that the truck movement has a great disturbance to the outflow field,the airflow near the rear and both sides of the tires is relatively disordered,and the disturbance intensity in the rear of the truck is greater than that in the front of the truck.The dust concentration in the driver's breathing area is low,and the dust concentration between the front and rear wheels and the rear of the body is high.When driving contrary wind,the increase of vehicle speed has a significant effect on the increase of dust speed.the faster the backward migration speed is and the farther the distance is,the higher the dust concentration on both sides of the wheel and the rear area of the vehicle is.The dust concentration at the cross-section of the vehicle increases first and then decreases.When the wind speed is small,the dust concentration near the wheel is the largest.With the increase of wind speed,the dust is concentrated at the rear and rear of the vehicle,and the overall trend is“increasingsaturation-decreasing-stable”.The road dust control effect is the best when the water spray amount of the truck road surface is 0.15L/m^(2),that is,the road surface soil moisture content is 4.1%.The research results provide a theoretical basis for the effective control of truck road transport dust in open-pit coal mines.