国际“无废城市”建设经验的适用条件分析:基于PSR框架的国别比较研究

Applicable Conditions of the International“Zero-Waste City”Construction Experiences:Cross-Country Comparison Based on PSR Framework

可持续的固废管理已成为全球绿色发展的必然选择。近年来,一些国家和地区纷纷开展“无废城市”和“循环城市”的探索,我国也于2019年启动“无废城市”试点建设工作。国际先进经验对我国有借鉴意义,但需考虑不同地区的经济社会发展水平、资源环境禀赋、管理体制机制等差异。采用“压力-状态-响应”(PSR)模型系统解析了新加坡、荷兰、日本、芬兰等国家“无废城市”管理经验的适用基础和特征,涵盖经济社会基础、资源环境压力、战略目标、关键路径等;并对比分析了国际典型经验的适用条件,包括:(1)先进的经济社会发展水平;(2)完善的法律法规体系;(3)多样化的经济手段和市场化措施等。最后,提出了对我国推进“无废城市”建设的启示建议。

Sustainable municipal solid waste management has become an inevitable choice for global green development.Some countries and regions have carried out explorations of“zero-waste city”and“circular city”.China also launched the pilot construction of“zero-waste city”in 2019.International construction experience has reference significance for our country,but at the same time,it is necessary to consider the foundation and differences of different regions in terms of economic and social development level,resource and environmental endowment,management system and cultural habits,etc.This article adopted the pressure-state-response(PSR)framework to systematically analyze the challenges,implementation conditions and specific measures of the experiences of“zero-waste city”in developed countries such as the Singapore,Netherlands and Japan;combined with the comparative analysis,summarizes its applicable conditions,including:(1)Advanced foundation of economic and social development;(2)A sound legal and regulatory guarantee system;(3)Diversified economic means and market-oriented measures.Finally,it put forward the enlightenment and suggestions for China to further promote the construction of“zero-waste city”.