山银花和大蓟提取物对产蛋后期蛋鸡肠道屏障功能、抗氧化能力和盲肠微生物的影响

Effects of Lonicera flos and Cnicus japonicus Extracts on Intestinal Barrier Function,Antioxidant Capacity and Cecal Microbe of Laying Hens in Late Laying Period

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加不同水平山银花和大蓟提取物对产蛋后期蛋鸡肠道屏障功能、抗氧化能力和盲肠微生物的影响。试验选取1728羽健康状况良好、体重及产蛋率相近的73周龄罗曼粉蛋鸡,随机分成4个组,每组18个重复,每个重复24只鸡。4组试验鸡分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0(对照)、300、500和1000 mg/kg山银花和大蓟提取物的饲粮。预试期2周,正试期9周。结果表明:与对照组相比,饲粮添加300 mg/kg山银花和大蓟提取物显著提高蛋鸡78周龄回肠绒毛高度和绒毛高度/隐窝深度(V/C)值以及83周龄空肠V/C值(P<0.05);饲粮添加500 mg/kg山银花和大蓟提取物显著提高83周龄回肠绒毛高度和V/C值(P<0.05),显著降低83周龄血清内毒素含量(P<0.05),显著提高78周龄空肠闭合蛋白(occludin)和黏蛋白2(MUC2)的mRNA相对表达量(P<0.05),显著提高83周龄空肠干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)的mRNA相对表达量(P<0.05),显著增加83周龄盲肠乳酸杆菌(Lactobacillus)数量(P<0.05);饲粮添加1000 mg/kg山银花和大蓟提取物显著提高78周龄回肠绒毛高度以及83周龄回肠绒毛高度和V/C值(P<0.05),显著降低83周龄血清内毒素含量(P<0.05),显著提高78周龄空肠occludin、MUC2和E-钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)的mRNA相对表达量(P<0.05),显著提高83周龄空肠IFN-γ和iNOS的mRNA相对表达量(P<0.05);饲粮添加300、500和1000 mg/kg山银花和大蓟提取物显著提高83周龄十二指肠绒毛高度和空肠过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性(P<0.05),显著降低78和83周龄空肠丙二醛(MDA)含量以及83周龄空肠过氧化氢(H2O2)含量(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮添加山银花和大蓟提取物能够通过增强产蛋后期蛋鸡空肠的免疫功能及抗氧化能力改善肠道屏障功能,并通过减少盲肠有害菌数量,增加有益菌数量,从而改善蛋鸡肠道健康;在本试验条件下,饲粮中山银花和大蓟提取物的适宜添加水平为500 mg/kg。

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different dietary levels of Lonicera flos and Cnicus japonicus extracts on intestinal barrier function,antioxidant capacity and cecal microbe of laying hens in late laying period.A total of 1728 healthy 73⁃week⁃old Roman pink laying hens with similar body weight and laying rate were randomly divided into 4 groups with 18 replicates per group and 24 hens per repli⁃cate.Chickens in the four groups were fed the basal diets supplemented with 0(control),300,500 and 1000 mg/kg Lonicera flos and Cnicus japonicus extracts,respectively.The pretrial period lasted for 2 weeks and the experimental period lasted for 9 weeks.The results showed that,compared with the control group,di⁃etary 300 mg/kg Lonicera flos and Cnicus japonicus extracts significantly increased the villus height and ratio of villus height to crypt depth(V/C)in ileum of hens at 78 weeks of age and V/C in jejunum at 83 weeks of age(P<0.05);dietary 500 mg/kg Lonicera flos and Cnicus japonicus extracts significantly increased the villus height and V/C in ileum at 83 weeks of age(P<0.05),significantly decreased the serum endotoxin content at 83 weeks of age(P<0.05),significantly increased the mRNA relative expression levels of occludin and mucin 2(MUC2)in jejunum at 78 weeks of age was(P<0.05),significantly increased the mRNA relative expres⁃sion levels of interferon⁃γ(IFN⁃γ)and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)in jejunum at 83 weeks of age was(P<0.05),and significantly increased the Lactobacillus number in cecum at 83 weeks of age(P<0.05);dietary 1000 mg/kg Lonicera flos and Cnicus japonicus extracts significantly increased the villus height in ile⁃um at 78 weeks of age and the villus height and V/C in ileum at 83 weeks of age(P<0.05),significantly de⁃creased the serum endotoxin content at 83 weeks of age(P<0.05),significantly increased the mRNA relative expression levels of occludin,MUC2 and E⁃cadherin in jejunum at 78 weeks of age were(P<0.05),and sig⁃nificantly increased the mRNA relative expression levels of IFN⁃γand iNOS in jejunum at 83 weeks of age were(P<0.05);dietary 300,500 and 1000 mg/kg Lonicera flos and Cnicus japonicus extracts significantly increased the villus height in duodenum and the catalase(CAT)activity in jejunum at 83 weeks of age(P<0.05),and significantly decreased the malondialdehyde(MDA)content in jejunum at 78 and 83 weeks of age and the hydrogen peroxide(H2 O2)in jejunum at 83 weeks of age were(P<0.05).In conclusion,dietary Lonicera flos and Cnicus japonicus extracts can improve intestinal barrier function by enhancing the immune function and antioxidant capacity in jejunum,and reduce the number of harmful bacteria and increase the num⁃ber of beneficial bacteria in cecum,so as to improve intestinal health of laying hens.Under the conditions of this experiment,the optimal supplemental level of Lonicera flos and Cnicus japonicus extracts is 500 mg/kg.