乡村教师获得感的意蕴、结构与提升路径

The Meaning, Structure and Promotion Path of Rural Teachers' Sense of Gain

乡村教师是乡村教育的实施者、乡村文化传承与创新的主体力量、乡村建设与振兴的参与者。探讨乡村教师获得感是新时代乡村教师队伍建设的实践所需,是乡村教师“下不去、留不住、教不好”的破解之匙,更是促进乡村教师自主内生发展的迫切需要。乡村教师获得感是乡村教师主体对自身获得与拥有的感知和体验,是由时间、空间和水平三个向度构成的三维立体结构。时间向度包括乡村教师的获得印迹、获得体验和获得期望;空间向度涉及物质获得感、专业获得感、公平获得感、成就获得感和精神获得感;水平向度包含获得认知、获得认同和获得内化。基于整体系统视角,立足乡村教师生存与发展实际,促进乡村教师获得感生成,需要明确价值定位,引领乡村教师获得感生成方向;提高乡村教师素养,增强乡村教师获得感生成的主体力量;加强乡村学校治理,助力乡村教师获得感持续生成;创设有利条件,奠定乡村教师获得感生成的保障基础。

Rural teachers are the implementer of rural education, the main force of rural cultural inheritance and innovation, and the participants of rural revitalization and construction. It is necessary for the construction of rural teachers in the new era to explore the sense of gain of rural teachers, and it is also the key to solve the problem that rural teachers can not go back, stay and teach well in the rural area, it is also an urgent need to promote the autonomous and endogenous development of rural teachers. Rural teachers' sense of gain is the perception and experience of rural teachers' self-gain and possession. It is a three-dimensional structure composed of time, space and level: the time dimension includes the imprint, experience and expectation of rural teachers, and the space dimension involves the sense of material, professional, fair, achievement and spirit, the horizontal dimension includes the gain of cognition, identification and internalization. Based on the whole system perspective and the reality of rural teachers' survival and development, the paths to promote rural teachers' sense of gain are as follows: clarifying the value orientation, so as to guide the generating direction of rural teachers' sense of gain;improving the quality of rural teachers, to strengthen the main force of the generation of rural teachers' sense of gain;strengthening the governance of rural schools to help rural teachers' sense of gain sustainably;and creating strong conditions to lay a secure foundation for the generation of rural teachers' sense of gain.