蚜蝇访花习性及种类研究现状与展望

Research Status and Prospects of Flower-visiting Hoverflies Habits and Species

蚜蝇科昆虫在生态系统中扮演着传粉者、天敌、分解者和生物指示物种等多重角色,具有重要的经济意义和生态意义。依据Meta分析的原理以及野外观察记录,总结了蚜蝇访花的研究现状、中国访花蚜蝇的种类、习性及其访问的植物种类。国外访花蚜蝇的研究多聚焦于蚜蝇对植物的传粉方面,而国内多集中于访花蚜蝇的物种多样性研究。研究整理出国内访花蚜蝇2亚科16族205种,其中蚜蝇亚科101种,管蚜蝇亚科104种,访花生境主要为农田、田埂杂草丛与林下灌丛及杂草丛,涉及菊科、十字花科等40多个科100多个属160余种植物。蚜蝇访花一般在11:00-13:00和15:00-16:00温度较高时段,访花时间约为10.36 s(朵),访花频率为5~7朵/min。蚜蝇的访花行为与种类有关,清理身体上黏附的花粉等行为与蜂蜜相似。

Hoverflies play multiple roles in the ecosystem,such as pollinators,natural enemies,decomposers and indicator species,which had important economic and ecological significance.Based on the principle of Meta-analysis and field observation records,we summarized the study status,species,habits and plant species of flower-visiting hoverflies in China.Research on the flower-visiting hoverflies abroad was mainly focused on the pollination of Syrphidae,while in China,the species diversity of hoverflies was mainly studied.A total of 205 species belonging to 16 families and 2 subfamilies of flower-visiting hoverflies were found in China,including 101 species belonging to Syrphidae and 104 species belonging to Eristalinae,the habitats for visiting flowers were mainly farmland and the ridge of field of overgrow fireweed,undergrowth shrubs and weeds,involving more than 100 genera and more than 160 species of 40 families,such as Compositae and Cruciferae.Hoverflies visited flowers from 11:00 to 13:00 in the noon and from 15:00 to 16:00 in the afternoon when the temperature was high,the visiting time was about 10.36 s for each flower,and the visiting frequency was about 5 to 7 flowers per minute.The pollinating behavior of hoverflies was related to its species,and the behavior of cleaning pollen adhered to its body was similar to honey.