从广义论证理论的视角看《庄子·人间世》的论证路径

The Argumentation Path of“The Human World”in Zhuangzi from the Perspective of Generalized Argumentation Theory

《庄子》是先秦时期经典的道家文本。不同于庄子以往的荒诞不经,庄子在《人间世》篇章反映的处世理念和思想追求尤其严肃慎重。囿于逻辑观的不同,中国逻辑学史界对《人间世》缺乏必要的关注。广义论证理论引入新视角,为这一领域的研究注入活力。依据这一理论,从形成《人间世》文本的社会文化背景出发,描述庄子以独白的方式借助故事文本开展对话的过程,其中故事文本本身也是由对话构成。庄子通过如此复杂的话语方式劝说潜在听众保全自身处于世间,分析这一过程将进一步展示庄子学派借以向世人传道的重要途径。在《人间世》表述的对话中,庄子秉持“无待”追求,以“至人”为向往目标,期望于乱世中教化世人。庄子在“无为”理念下以虚构故事的形式构设语篇,按照分层结构加以刻画,可知《人间世》语篇行动实现了从“至人”到“存诸己”到“存诸人”的论证功能。由此,《人间世》篇不再是一篇杂糅的散文,而是一个体系严谨、论证有序的旨在提倡处世法则的社会互动过程。

Zhuangzi is a cassic Taoist test of the pre Qin period.Unlike Zhuangzi's previ-ous absurdity.Zhuangzi's philosophy and ideological pursuit of dealing with the world reflected in the chapters of“The Human World”are particularly serious and cautious.Due to the difrences in logical views,the Chinese historical commumity of logic lacks necessary attention to“The Human World”.The generalized aurgumentation theory into-duces new perspectives and injects vitality into research in this field Based on this the-ory,starting fom the social and cultural background that formed the text of“The Human World”,descnibe the process of Zhuangzi using monologue to engage in dialogue with the story text,which itselfis also composed of dialogue.Through such a complex discourse,Zhuangzi persuades potential listeners to preserve themselves in the world,and analyzing this process will futher demonstate the important way in which the Zhuangzi school can preach to the world In the dialogue expressed in“The Human World”,Zhuangzi adheres to the pusuit of“non-testrain”with the goal of“the perfect man”and hopes to educate the world in toubled times.Under the concept of“non action”,Zhuangzi constucted a discouse in the form of a fictional story and characterized it according to a hierar-chical structure.It can be seen that the action in the discourse of“The Human World”has achieved the argumentative fiunction fom“the perfect man”to“consolidate oneself”to“improve others”As a result,“The Human World”is no longer a mixed prose,but a nigorous and orderly social interaction process aimed atpromoting the principles oflife.