数字化参与权:权利构造与国家义务

Digital Participation Rights:Right Constructs and State Obligations

在高度数字化的社会场域内,出现与数字生活脱节的数字弱势群体,这揭示了数字科技成就美好生活背后的数字不平等问题。为跨越数字鸿沟,从权利视角证成数字化参与权尤为必要。数字化参与权是具有相对性的数字弱势群体的专属权利,其以数据与信息为权利载体,兼具物理、技能和权利救济三重维度的内涵,满足公民融入数字社会的基本需要。数字化参与权作为一项基本权利,主要反映了公民与国家的关系,这既表现为一项基于机会均等的参与权,也体现为蕴含实质公平的发展权。从法治逻辑来看,基本权利的保护模式更有利于保护公民的数字化参与权,数字化参与权的国家义务可从尊重、保护和给付三个维度予以展开。

The highly digitalized social field has invariably given rise to a large number of digitally disconnected and digitally disadvantaged people,revealing the digital inequality behind the achievement of digital technology in creating a good life.To bridge the digital divide,it is necessary to recognize and prove the right to digital participation from the perspective of rights.The right to digital participation is an exclusive right of the digitally disadvantaged group,which is relative in nature.It utilizes data and information as carriers of rights and has the connotation of being physical,skill-based,and having the right to remedies,meeting the basic needs of every citizen to participate in a smart society.As a fundamental right,the right to digital participation primarily reflects the relationship between citizens and the state.It manifests as a right to participation based on equal opportunities and a right to development with substantial equity.From the perspective of the rule of law,a protection model of fundamental rights is more conducive to safeguarding citizens’rights to digital participation.State obligations for the right to digital participation can be constructed in three dimensions:respect,protection,and provision.