唐代中后期的“以理言道”“言意之辨”与诗文观念

Discussion Dao by Principle,Discrimination of Speech and Meaning and the Concept of Poetry in the Middle and Late Tang Dynasty

“理”本是先秦两汉思想世界中的基本语词,唐代中后期儒者对于“理”的再次聚焦,在延续先秦两汉以政治生活为核心问题域之旧传统的同时,亦强化了“理”统合、会通的思想功能。“以理言道”的认知新风与“道”之虚化及“理”成为思想方式的核心范畴,乃是此时期颇易体察的文本现象。“言意之辨”在此风习形成的过程中,既是作为助缘的方法,也因之被再度问题化。唐代中后期的知识世界呈现出以“理”论文的明确倾向,作为人生态度及理念的“理”与一般的“理”成为文本书写与诗文观念的重要内容,而“陈言之务去”及“与造化争衡”的共识化则是“理”范畴化对于唐代中后期文学影响的另一明证。

Principle was originally a basic word in the pre-Qin and Han ideological world.Scholar-bureaucrats refocused on principle in the middle and late Tang dynasty,and continued the traditional style that taking political life as the core problem area in the pre-Qin and Han dynasties,at the same time,they strengthened the ideological integration function of principle.It is easy to observe that the new cognitive style of reasoning and the emptiness and rationalization of Dao became the core category of the way of thinking in this period.The tendency of talking about articles by principle was further clarified,and the general principle,with the principle as life attitude and idea,became important contents in literary concept and writing.On the other hand,break⁃ing the old rhetoric and competing with nature were also proofs of the influence of principle categorization on literature in the mid⁃dle and late Tang Dynasty.