数字劳动内爆剥离、异化溯源与解放之路——基于马克思自由时间理论

The Implosion,Alienation,and Origins of Digital Labor and the Path to Liberation:Based on Marx's Theory of Free Time

劳动是人最根本的存在方式,也是社会存在和发展的基础。西方资本主义国家在现代化进程中,率先“进化”出了表征自由的新劳动形式———数字劳动。以马克思自由时间理论为解构工具,剥离数字劳动中景观和现实、生产和消费、玩和劳动之间的内爆,发现其把自由时间抽象为景观时间,转化为劳动时间,降格为休闲时间的异化事实。正本溯源,窃取自由时间是数字资本主义扩张的必然逻辑,通过资本-政治-技术“三位一体”的自由时间盗窃术,窃取数字劳动者自由时间,使其失去反思和自由发展的空间,产生主观异化,进行自我剥削、自我规训、自我监控。在中国共产党的领导下,我国创造了中国式现代化道路,这条正道中的去势资本、民心政治、向善技术,使数字劳动走向与西方异化相反的自由方向,为世界现代化国家实现数字劳动解放提供了中国智慧。

Labor represents a fundamental mode of human existence and forms the bedrock of societal existence and.development.As modernization progressed,Western capitalist nations pioneered a new form of labor digital labor which signifies freedom.Utilizing Marx's theory of free time as a deconstructive lens,this paper uncovers the implosions bet ween appearance and reality,production and consumption,play and labor inherent in digital labor.It reveals how digital labor transforms free time into an illusory state,converting it into labor time and diminishing it to leisure time.Tracing back to its origins,the usurpation of free time emerges as an inevitable consequence of digital capitalism's expansion.Through the intertwined workings of capital,politics,and technology,the theft of digital workers'free time eliminates spaces for reflec tion and autonomous growth,leading to subjective alienation,self-exploitation,and self-surveillance.Under the guidance of the Communist Party of China(CPC),China has charted its own path towards modernization.A path where capital,popular politics,and beneficial technology steer digital labor towards freedom,cont radicting the alienation witnessed in the West.This contributes Chinese wisdom towards the global endeavor to liberate digital labor.