舟山海域重要水道潮流能资源评估

Assessment of tidal current energy resources in the significant waterways of Zhoushan sea area

潮流能是指潮水水平运动中携带的动能,开发前景巨大。对区域潮流的精准模拟及特征分析有助于准确评估潮流能的时空分布状况,是潮流能资源开发利用的关键。本文选取潮流能蕴藏丰富的舟山海域,应用FVCOM海洋模式构建了高分辨率的潮汐潮流数值模型,经潮位、潮流验证,该模型可靠。根据模拟结果中流速的大小确定了潮流能资源密集的6处水道进行评估,其中西堠门水道、册子水道、桃花港水道平均能流密度超过2.0 kW m^(2),最大能流密度超过20 kW m^(2),流速大于1.0 m s时长超过80%,潮流涨落期间以往复流为主,潮流不对称性及旋转性低,潮流稳定系数大于0.98,较其他3处水道更适合潮流能的开发利用。通过有效发电小时数及可利用小时数确定了这3处水道内潮流能开发的最佳位置,并应用Farm法计算了相应的潮流能资源可开发量,分别为27.53、39.96和130.26 MW。

Tidal current energy is the kinetic energy carried in the horizontal movement of tidal water,which has great development prospects.Accurate simulation and characterization of regional tidal currents can help to efficiently evaluate the spatial and temporal distribution of tidal energy resources,which is the key to the development and utilization of tidal current energy resources.In this paper,a high-resolution numerical model of tidal currents is constructed by applying FVCOM ocean model in Zhoushan sea area where has rich tidal current energy,and the reliability of the model is confirmed by tidal level and current verification.According to the simulation results,six waterways with dense tidal current energy resources in the Zhoushan sea area were identified,among which the average energy density of Xihoumen waterway,Cezi waterway and Taohuagang waterway exceeds 2.0 kW m^(2),and the maximum energy density exceeds 20 kW m^(2),and the flow speed over 1.0 m s of the whole month is more than 80%.During tidal current ebb and flow,the reflow is dominant,while the asymmetry and rotation of tidal current are low.The flow stability coefficient is more than 0.98,so it is more suitable for the development and utilization of tidal current energy than other three waterways.The best location for tidal current energy development in these three waterways was then determined by calculating the significant hours and available hours,and the corresponding exploitable tidal current energy resources were evaluated using the Farm method,which were 27.53 MW,39.96 MW,and 130.26 MW,respectively.