我国容积率转移的法律属性与制度完善

The Legal Attribute and System Perfection of Floor Area Ratio Transfer in China

作为一种新型土地规制工具,容积率转移为实现国土空间开发与保护之间的平衡提供了新的选择。从行政法视角观察,既有以土地开发权交易阐释容积率转移法律属性的学说忽视了其背后所蕴含的公权力色彩,应将其界定为行政补偿。中央立法虽然没有明确规定容积率转移,但宪法文本和地方性规范为其存在提供了依据。容积率转移的法律构造包括范围、对象与程序三个核心要素,其在实践运行中表现出缺乏统一立法、实施范围较为有限、存在负外部性等问题。在构建国土空间开发保护制度体系的背景下,为促进容积率转移的推广运用,可以从制定统一法、构建交易平台以及加强程序控制等三方面展开法治化建设。

As a new land use regulation tool,floor area ratio transfer provides a new choice for coordinating the balance between land space development and protection.From the perspective of administrative law,the existing theory that interprets the legal attribute of floor area ratio transfer with land development rights ignores the public power color behind it,which should be defined as administrative compensation.Although the central legislation does not specify the floor area ratio transfer,the constitutional text and local legislation provide a normative basis for its survival.The legal structure of floor area ratio transfer includes three core elements:scope,object and procedure.In practice,it highlights the lack of unified legislation,the limited scope of implementation,and the existence of negative externalities.Under the background of constructing the system of land space development and protection,in order to promote the popularization and application of the floor area ratio transfer,the rule of law construction can be carried out from three aspects:formulating unified legislation,constructing trading platform and strengthening procedural control.