负有照护职责人员性侵罪的争议问题探究

Research on the Controversial Issuesof the Crime of Sexual Assault by Persons with Care Duties

《中华人民共和国刑法修正案(十一)》新增负有照护职责人员性侵罪,完善了性犯罪相关罪名体系,但仍存争议。该罪保护法益非单纯14—16周岁未成年女性身心健康权,而是其性自主权。发生性关系时强制状态是否存在、“特殊职责”是否被利用影响本罪成立,将本罪区别于强奸罪。基于本罪法益为性自主权,应从未成年女性是否自愿、照护职责产生时间、照护职责人员对未成年女性年龄认知等方面进行限缩解释。

The Amendment(XI)to the Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China added the crime of sexual assault by persons with care duties,which improved the relevant criminal charge system for sexual offenses,but still remains controversial.The charge protects not only the physical and mental health rights of female minors aged 14-16,but also their sexual autonomy.Whether they’re coerced during sexual intercourse,or“special duties”were used to commit the crime affect the conviction,distinguishes it from the crime of rape.Since the legal interest of this crime is sexual autonomy,this essay suggests that restrictions and explanations should be made from aspects such as whether female minors are willing,the time when caregiver duties arise,and the caregiver’s knowledge of the age of female minors.