移交之后:“托幼一体化”中的国家义务

After Transfer:State Obligations in the Integration of Kindergarten and Nursery

城镇小区配套幼儿园的治理与移交工作,使学前教育领域的普惠性原则从立法与规范性文件中的规范表达成为现实,这一过程实际上是国家保护义务的履行。但随着少子化的冲击,作为治理与移交政策产物的“民转公”幼儿园和普惠性民办幼儿园面临生存危机,此时需要国家履行治理与移交的嗣后责任。推进此二类幼儿园向“托幼一体化”转型,有助于提高幼儿园对抗少子化风险的能力,其本质是国家加大托位供给,履行给付义务。“托幼一体化”离不开法治保障,但整合立法不能一蹴而就。可通过摸底排查、指导转型、财政支持等举措,促使学前教育与托育服务在“民转公”幼儿园和普惠性民办幼儿园内实现“物理”融合,进而奠定“托幼一体化”的法治基础。

The governance and transfer of supporting kindergartens in urban residential areas have made the principle of inclusivity in the field of preschool education a reality,as expressed in legislative and normative documents.This process is actually the fulfillment of the state's obligation to protect.But with the impact of low fertility,the“civilian to public”kindergartens and inclusive private kindergartens,which are products of governance and transfer policies,are facing a survival crisis.At this time,the country needs to fulfill the subsequent responsibilities of governance and transfer.Promoting the transformation of these two types of kindergartens towards“integrated kindergarten and nursery”can help improve the ability of kindergartens to resist the risk of fewer children.Its essence is for the country to increase the supply of childcare spaces and fulfill payment obligations.The integration of kindergarten and nursery cannot be achieved without legal protection,but integrated legislation cannot be achieved overnight.Through measures such as thorough investigation,guidance on transformation,and financial support,we can promote the physical integration of preschool education and childcare services within“public to public”kindergartens and inclusive private kindergartens,thereby building a legal foundation for“integrated kindergarten and nursery”.