抗菌肽的抗菌机制及在水产中的应用

Antibacterial mechanisms of antimicrobial peptides and their application in aquaculture

抗菌肽(AMPs)是具有广泛来源和广谱抗菌活性的独特分子,可以通过多种作用机制发挥抗菌作用,包括靶向细胞壁、细胞膜、细胞内成分和生物膜。AMPs普遍存在于自然界的单细胞和多细胞生物中,被认为是可以通过正向选择而提取的有效免疫效应物。AMPs除了具有广谱抗菌活性,能够快速杀灭微生物外,还能够中和内毒素,不受传统抗生素耐药机制和细胞选择性的影响。文章主要从抗菌肽的生物活性、作用机制及在水产中的应用进行阐述,以期为抗菌肽作用机制的研究及在水产中的应用提供参考。

Antimicrobial peptides(AMPs)are unique molecules with a wide range of sources and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity that can exert antimicrobial effects through a variety of mechanisms of action,including targeting cell walls,cell membranes,intracellular components and biofilms.Due to their prevalence in unicellular and multicellular organisms in nature,AMPs are potent immune effectors that can be extracted by positive selection.AMPs not only have broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and can quickly kill microorganisms,but also can neutralize endotoxins,unaffected by traditional antibiotic resistance mechanisms and cell selectivity.The article focuses on the biological activity,mechanism of action and application of AMPs in aquaculture,with a view to providing reference for the study of the mechanism of action of AMPs and the application of them in aquaculture.