应对非因果解释的三条路径及其问题

Three Paths to Deal with Non-causal Explanations and Their Problems

通过研究应对非因果解释的三条路径,即因果还原主义、一元主义和多元主义,在反驳还原主义和一元主义基础上,本文支持科学解释的多元主义。本文支持解释的多元主义有如下三点理由:第一,因果还原主义和一元主义的观点都有其不可克服的缺陷。第二,无法对“斑杂的世界”中的现象进行统一的解释。第三,坚持解释的多元主义可以使科学解释变得更自然、更合理。根据本文的解释的多元主义:1.科学解释可以被分成因果解释与非因果解释。因果意识起源于高层次生命体的演化,先于任何科学以及理论知识产生,但非因果意识则在科学以及理论知识之后诞生。2.需用语用学的视角看待究竟选取哪种解释理论更合理的问题。究竟选取哪种解释,除了语境之外,也依赖于解释者的旨趣、观点和态度等因素。3.针对某一现象,当因果解释与非因果解释产生冲突时,非因果解释具有优先性。

By examining three paths to deal with non-causal explanations,namely causal reductionism,monism,and pluralism,this paper supports pluralism in scientific explanations based on refuting casual reductionism and monism.This paper supports the pluralism of explanation for the following three reasons:First,the reductionist and monist views of non-causal explanation have their insurmountable defects.Second,it is impossible to provide a unified explanation for the phenomena in“The Dappled World”.Third,adherence to explanatory pluralism can make scientific explanations more natural and reasonable.According to this paper's explanatory pluralism:1.Scientific explanations can be divided into causal and non-causal explanations.Consciousness of cause and effect originates in the biological evolution of higher life forms and precedes any scientific and theoretical knowledge,but non-causal consciousness is born after scientific and theoretical knowledge.2.The question of which explanatory theory is more reasonable to choose needs to be viewed t from a pragmatic perspective.In addition to the context,the choice of explanation also depends on the explainers'interests,opinions and attitudes.3.When causal and non-causal explanations of a phenomenon are in conflict,the non-causal explanation has priority.