突发传染病疫情背景下民生物资应急保障服务网络优化研究

Optimization of people’s livelihood material supply service network under the background of the sudden outbreak of infectious diseases

在涉及传染性疾病的重大突发公共卫生事件发生时,有必要实施区域隔离或封闭等应急管理措施。为封控区内群众提供充足和高效的民生物资保障服务,是确保疫区社会稳定的关键基础工作。充分考虑疫情下民生物资应急保障服务的内涵和主要特征,设计了具有超网络特征的民生物资保障服务网络结构。在此基础上,以最小化运营成本、疫情风险控制成本和随机需求风险损失为优化目标,同时考虑物资流量守恒、工作人员数量等约束条件,构建民生物资保障服务网络设计的优化模型。将优化模型等价变换为相应的变分不等式形式,并证明了该变分不等式形式解的存在性与唯一性后,选取修正投影算法进行求解和计算分析。最后的数值分析结果表明,所提出方法能合理描述和优化传染病疫情影响下的民生物资应急保障服务网络决策,同时分析了疫情风险程度、主体关联程度以及可用工作人员数量上限等关键参数,对民生物资保障最优决策的影响规律。相关成果可为在重大突发传染病疫情背景下,为建立可持续的人道主义民生物资保障系统提供一定的理论基础。

In the event of major public health emergency involving infectious diseases,it is necessary to implement emergency management measures such as regional isolation or lockdown.Providing efficient,timely and sufficient supplies for the people in the isolated areas is the key basic work to ensure social stability in the disaster areas.Combined with the connotation and main characteristics of emergency livelihood materials support services,and considering the cooperation of production enterprises and storage enterprises to supply demand points under the unified command of service organizations,a network architecture of livelihood materials support service with super-network characteristics was designed.A super-network model of livelihood material supply service was constructed under the constraints of conservation of material flow and staff quantity limitation,with the optimization goal of minimizing the operation cost,the epidemic risk control cost and the demand satisfaction risk loss.The model was transformed into an equivalent variational inequality form,and the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the equivalent variational inequality problem were briefly proved.The modified projection algorithm was used to solve and analyze the problem.Finally,the numerical solution and simulation analysis show that the proposed model can effectively describe and optimize the problem of livelihood emergency materials supply service network and coordination scheduling after emergency infectious diseases.The influence of the key parameters such as epidemic risk degree,subject correlation degree and the number of available staff on the optimal decision of people’s livelihood material support and dispatch was analyzed at the same times.The relevant research results can provide a theoretical basis for establishing a sustainable humanitarian material support system for people’s livelihood material support under the background of major emergency infectious diseases.