洞庭湖湿地鸻鹬类水鸟的分布格局及关键影响因子

Distribution pattern and the crucial influencing factors of shorebirds in Dongting Lake Wetland

鸻鹬类是迁徙水鸟中的重要类群,其种群动态能够指示湿地生态系统的变化。但目前对影响内陆湿地鸻鹬类分布的关键环境变量尚不明确。本研究以洞庭湖为研究区域,基于物种—生境关系理论,利用2013/2014—2021/2022越冬期的水鸟调查和遥感反演数据,结合野外食源调查,通过最佳子集回归、广义线性模型和层次分割等方法,分析长喙长腿(LB-L)、长喙短腿(LB-S)和短喙(SB)鸻鹬类的分布,探究宏观生境变量和微观生境变量(底栖动物密度)对不同形态鸻鹬类分布的影响。结果表明,东洞庭湖是三种不同形态鸻鹬类分布的绝对优势分布区,LB-L鸻鹬类主要分布于东洞庭湖中的大小西湖和白湖,LB-S鸻鹬类主要分布在白湖,SB鸻鹬类在各核心区均有分布,且无显著差异。宏观层面上,浅水面积、人为干扰和水文连通性是影响LB-L鸻鹬类分布的关键环境变量,浅水面积是影响LB-S鸻鹬类分布的关键环境变量,人为干扰是影响SB鸻鹬类分布的关键环境变量。微观层面上,LB-L鸻鹬类的分布与不同微生境的底栖动物密度均高度相关,LB-S和SB鸻鹬类的分布仅与部分微生境的底栖动物密度相关。本研究完善了洞庭湖越冬水鸟生态学研究,对洞庭湖湿地生物多样性保护和湿地管理等方面具有重要指导作用。

Shorebirds are an important group of migratory waterbirds,and its population dynamics can indicate the changes of wetland ecosystem.However,the crucial environmental variables affecting the shorebird distribution in inland wetland are still unclear.Based on the theories of species-habitat relationships in waterbirds,and applying data from waterbird surveys,field surveys,and remote sensing inversion in Dongting Lake region during the period from 2013/2014-2021/2022,this paper analysis to identify the crucial environment variables that influence the distribution of LB-L,LB-S and SB shorebirds,and discuss the impact of macro-habitat variables and micro-habitat variables(benthic density)on the spatial distribution patterns of these shorebird by employing optimal subset regression,generalized linear model and hierarchical segmentation.Results show that East Dongting Lake was the dominant distribution area of the three different types of shorebirds,Baihu Lake and Daxiaoxi Lake in East Dongting Lake were the main distribution areas of three different morphological characteristics shorebirds.LB-L shorebirds were mainly distributed in Daxiaoxi Lake and Baihu Lake,LB-S shorebirds were mainly distributed in Baihu Lake,and SB shorebirds were distributed in all core areas,there was no significant difference.At the macro level,shallow water area,human disturbance and hydrological connectivity were the crucial environmental variables affecting LB-L shorebirds distribution,shallow water area was the crucial environmental variable affecting LB-S shorebirds distribution,and human disturbance was the crucial environmental variable affecting SB shorebirds distribution.At the micro level,the distribution of LB-L shorebirds was closely related to the density of benthic animals in different microhabitats,while the distribution of LB-S and SB shorebirds were closely related to benthic animal types in some microhabitats.This study has significantly enhanced the ecological investigation of wintering waterbirds in Dongting Lake,thereby playing a crucial guiding role in terms of biodiversity conservation and wetland management within this region.