海去潮来:南头古城的时间层积与空间演替

Nantou Old Town:Diachronic Accumulation and Spatial Transition

因海而生的深圳南头古城经历了明清的备海与治县、民国的县政计划、建国初的县治迁离,到改革开放的"城中村"化,再到最近开展的保护与更新行动,在此过程中海洋对南头古城的影响逐渐退却,而多轮历史大潮则在城中留下了可读的空间印迹.文章通过地理环境、形态格局、街坊肌理和建筑物来辨析明清以来南头古城的时间层积和空间演替,结合地方文献理解南头古城的空间史程,认为南头古城的现状是所城、县城、村社三个时期的叠合,其实质是城村混合而成的濒海聚落.

Nantou,a coastaltownof Shenzhen,has undergone many ups and downs over the centuries.It was a seat of coastal defense first and was then made a county during the Ming and Qing Dynasties(14th-20th century);a county-level administration plan was laid out during the Republic of China era(1911-1949),while the 1950s saw the relocation of the county government from here.Regrettably,it fell into an"urban village"(the 1970s-1980s)while recently a protection and renewal program took center stage.Over the centuries,the ocean had a waning impact on the old town.Social history has left myriads of imprints on its spatial profile.The article seeks to catalog the spatial transformation history with references to multiple factors:geographic environment,morphological configuration,street texture,and buildings.Based on an understanding of its spatial evolution with a dive into local annals,this article concludes that the status quo of the Nantou Old Town is a mix of its past identities spanning three periods:as a coastal defense fortress,the seat of a county,and a rural community;it is essentially a seaside settlement bearing the traits of a city and those of a village.