中晚唐邑客的地方化与地方社会治理

The Localization of Yike in the Middle and Late Tang Dynasty and Its Relationship with Local Social Governance

邑客在中晚唐社会的出现,源于生活震荡的直接推动,也是“中央—地方”关系制度变革的政治与社会效应。在门第政治的余晖中,作为具有相应政治、文化诸优势的外来群体,邑客对于科举及两京姻旧网络的依赖,延续了士族政治生活的旧传统;但科举竞争的圈内压力以及人际网络在代际更迭中的松散倾向,迫使邑客与地方势力在竞争中,逐步走向合作共生。在融入地方的过程中,邑客对于地方文化、经济、伦理教化诸领域均发挥了不可替代的作用。其与在地有力者的合作实践,逐步生成了两宋而后基层生活的基本权力结构与日常治理模式。

The emergence of Yike in the middle and late Tang Dynasty was directly driven by the oscillation of life,and it was also a political and social effect of the transformation of the central-local relationship system.In the afterglow of clan politics,as an external group with corresponding political and cultural advantages,Yike’s dependency on the imperial examination and the old network of marriage between the two capitals continued the old tradition of aristocratic political life.However,the internal pressure of the imperial examination competition and the loose tendency of interpersonal networks in intergenerational changes have forced Yike to gradually move towards cooperation and symbiosis in competition with local forces.In the process of integrating into the local environment,Yike has played an irreplaceable role in various fields such as local culture,economy,and ethical education.The cooperative practice with powerful local individuals gradually generated the basic power structure and daily governance model of grassroots life after the Song Dynasty.