基于生态安全格局的国土空间生态修复关键区域识别——以滇中五大高原湖泊流域为例

Identification of key areas for ecological restoration of territorial space based on ecological security pattern:a case of five plateau lake basins in central Yunnan

为探索湖泊流域国土空间生态保护修复关键区域识别方法,以滇中五大高原湖泊(滇池、抚仙湖、星云湖、杞麓湖、阳宗海)流域为例,综合运用生境质量模型、形态空间格局分析模型、景观连通性模型、最小累积阻力模型和电路理论,构建区域生态安全格局,识别生态夹点、生态障碍点、生态断裂点,明确湖泊流域国土空间生态保护修复关键区域。结果表明:滇中五大高原湖泊流域生态源地占全流域土地总面积的23.43%,包含33个生态源地斑块,主要分布于五大湖区和山林地;识别出景观生态廊道总长488.85 km,呈网状连通分布离散的生态源地;识别出流域生态修复关键区包括生态夹点93处,面积为119.17 km^(2),主要分布于滇池流域,亟待保护修复的生态障碍点62处,面积41.96 km^(2);生态夹点和生态障碍点重叠面积17.40 km^(2),生态断裂点77处,在滇池流域分布最为密集。结合流域各类生态保护修复关键区域的空间分布特征和土地利用现状,分别提出生态保护修复提升方向。

In order to explore the identification methods of key areas of ecological protection and restoration of land space in lake basins,five plateau lake basins in central Yunnan(Dianchi Lake,Fuxian Lake,Xingyun Lake,Qilu Lake and Yangzong Lake)were taken as research examples,the habitat quality model,morphological spatial pattern analysis model,landscape connectivity model,minimum cumulative resistance model and circuit theory were comprehensively used to construct a regional ecological security pattern,identify ecological pinch points,ecological obstacle points and ecological break points,and clarify the key areas of ecological protection and restoration of land space in lake basins.The results showed that:the ecological source areas of the five major plateau lake basins in central Yunnan accounted for 23.43%of the total land area of the whole basins,including 33 ecological source patches,mainly distributed in five plateau lake basins and mountain and forest lands,and the ecological corridors were identified with a total length of 488.85 km and discrete distribution in a network connection.The key areas of ecological restoration in the watershed were identified,including 93 ecological pinch points with an area of 119.17 km^(2),mainly distributed in Dianchi Lake basin,62 ecological obstacle points in urgent need of protection and restoration with an area of 41.96 km^(2),the overlapping area of ecological pinch points and ecological obstacle points of 17.40 km^(2),and 77 ecological break points,with the densest distribution in Dianchi Lake basin.Combined with the spatial distribution characteristics and land use status of various key areas of ecological protection and restoration in the basins,the directions of ecological protection and restoration improvement were proposed.This method could effectively identify the areas to be repaired by the ecological network,and provide technical support for the ecological protection and restoration of land space.