产B族维生素微生物研究进展

Research Progress of B Vitamins-producing Microorganisms

B族维生素是人体所必需的营养素之一,常作为辅酶参与机体多种生理代谢,已被证实与能量代谢、免疫调节、神经递质的合成、肠道健康等密切相关。缺乏B族维生素往往会导致机体氨基酸、碳水化合物和脂肪酸的合成与代谢紊乱、免疫功能受损、神经递质合成障碍、肠道内环境紊乱,甚至影响核酸生物合成,最终导致多种疾病,危害人体健康。因此,日常摄入充足的B族维生素对于机体健康稳态具有重要意义。已有研究表明,微生物具有合成B族维生素的能力,其合成的B族维生素可提供给机体吸收利用、调节机体肠道健康。此外,部分益生菌如双歧杆菌和乳杆菌,也被证实具有合成B族维生素的能力。因此筛选可高产B族维生素的益生菌并将其应用于食品当中,增强食品营养价值,为强化食品中的B族维生素提供新思路,对于功能性食品的开发具有重要的意义。本文概述常见B族维生素的生理功能、合成B族维生素微生物的研究进展以及可合成B族维生素的益生菌在食品中的应用。

B vitamins are a group of nutrients essential for human health,and always act as coenzymes in multiple physiological metabolisms of living organisms.It has been proved that B vitamins play vital roles in energy metabolism,immune regulation,neurotransmitter synthesis,and intestinal health.B vitamins deficiency can negatively affect synthesis and metabolisms of amino acids,glucose,and fatty acids,immune functions,neurotransmitter synthesis,gut homeostasis,and even nucleic acid biosynthesis,eventually leads to many diseases and damage human health.Therefore,daily intake adequately of B vitamins is important for human health.It has been reported that multiple microorganisms maintain the capable of synthesizing B vitamins,and these B vitamins produced by gut microbiota can be absorbed by host,and regulate the intestinal health.Furthermore,probiotics such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus species are proved to be able to produce B vitamins.Therefore,it is meaningful for the development of functional food to isolate probiotics that can produce B vitamins and apply into food to enhance the nutritional value,which provides a new method to enrich the B vitamins in food.Here,the physiological functions of B vitamins,the research progress of B vitamins producing bacteria and their application in foods were briefly reviewed.