苗疆走廊传统村落民族文化谱系多样性及融合性特征研究

A Study on the Diversity and Integration Characteristics of Ethnic Cultural Genealogy of Traditional Villages in Miaojiang Corridor

揭示民族走廊传统村落文化谱系多样性及融合性特征,对该类型文化线路遗产特征保护、实施乡村振兴战略具有重要意义;对中华民族文化谱系“多元一体”格局的走廊缩影认识,以及铸牢中华民族共同体意识具有重要意义。以苗疆走廊为例,基于民族族别背景对廊域内传统村落民族文化谱系进行识别,利用增加研究样地、多样性指数、杰卡德相似系数等方法来展开研究。结果表明:①苗疆走廊传统村落有12类单民族及2类多民族融合文化谱系,走廊可划分为II区段及V区段;②汉少融合、苗是全廊域特征谱系;旱驿路区段的多样性最为脆弱;③全廊域有6类稀少/濒危谱系;④水驿路、旱驿路区段的特有谱系分别有3类、6类;V区段之间汉少融合、苗、汉为共有谱系;⑤全廊域、旱驿路、福泉-普安区段之间的谱系构成相似度较高;水驿路、洪江-镇远区段之间相似度最高。整体而言,苗疆走廊传统村落民族文化谱系中以汉文化为纽带的融合谱系特征明显,各谱系在走廊中“多元共生”“多元一体”格局特征明显。

Revealing the diversity and integration characteristics of rthnic cultural genealogy of traditional villages in ethnic corridors is of great significance not only to the heritage protection of this type of cultural route and the strategic decision making of rural revitalization,but also to understanding the corridor miniature pattern of“diversity and unity”of the Chinese nation’s cultural lineage and consolidating the sense of community for the Chinese nation.Taking the Miaojiang Corridor as an example,this paper identified the ethnic cultural genealogy of traditional villages based on the ethnic background,and carried out the research on the genealogy diversity characteristics of traditional villages by means of increasing the research sample land,diversity index and Jacquard similarity coefficient.The results show:1)there are 12 kinds of mono-ethnic and 2 kinds of multi-ethnic integration cultural genealogies of traditional villages in the Miaojiang Corridor.The corridor can be divided into section II and section V;2)the Han-ethnie Integration and Miao are the characteristic genealogy of the whole corridor;the genealogical diversity is more fragile in the land section of the corridor;3)six kinds of genealogies belong to rare/endangered in the whole corridor;4)there are 3 and 6 unique genealogies of the water section and the land-section of the corridor respectively.Between the V section,the Han-ethnic Integration and the Miao and the Han are common genealogies;5)the similarity coefficient between whole corridor,land section and Fuquan-Puan section is relatively high,while the similarity coefficient between water section and Hongjiang-Zhenyuan section is the highest.On the whole,the ethnic cultural lineage of traditional villages in the Miaojiang Corridor is characterized by a distinct integration genealogy linked by Han culture,with distinct characteristics of the“multiple symbiosis”and“pluralistic integration”pattern of each lineage in the corridor.