苗疆走廊空间文化基因研究——以安顺屯堡为例

A Study on the Spatial Cultural Genes of the Miaojiang Corridor——A Case study of Tunpu,Anshun

苗疆走廊是元明时期开辟的维系内地与西南边陲的主要交通命脉,是以汉文化为底色,各民族交往交流交融、和谐共生的典型空间代表。研究苗疆走廊民族交融与建筑文化的相互影响,探究走廊聚落空间形态形成与演变背后的深层文化动力,能为总结汉族移民大通道上民族交融的宝贵历史经验提供空间维度的案例。依托城乡规划学科背景,基于文化基因的视角,以活态遗存完好的安顺屯堡聚落群为研究对象,通过文化基因研究法、田野调查法、历史文献研究法、建筑测绘法、形态类型学等方法对屯堡聚落的空间文化基因展开研究。研究结果显示,屯堡聚落呈现三种典型的空间文化基因,分别是天人合一、中轴线和层级防御。它们均是汉文化基因在特定历史背景、地域自然环境和民族交融作用下的在地性空间转化。

The Miaojiang Corridor is the main transportation lifeline between the mainland and the southwest frontier,which was opened up during the Yuan and Ming Dynasties.It is a typical spatial representative of the exchanges,communication and integration of various ethnic groups and harmonious coexistence based on Han culture.Researching the interaction between ethnic integration and architectural culture in the Miaojiang Corridor and exploring the deep cultural dynamics behind the formation and evolution of the spatial form of the corridor settlements can provide a case study of the spatial dimension for summarizing the valuable historical experience of ethnic inegration on the Han migration route.Based on the background of urban and rural planning discipline and the perspective of cultural genes,this paper takes the well preserved Anshun Tunpu settlement as the research object and investigates the space cultural genes of it through the methods of cultural genes research,field survey,literature research,architectural mapping and morphological typology.The results show that the Tunpu settlement presents three typical spatial cultural genes,namely,theory that man is an integral part of nature,the central axis and the hierarchical defense.They are all local spatial transformations of Han cultural genes under the specific historical background,regional natural environment and ethnic integration.