战国楚历大事纪年辨正

The Critical Research on Chronicle of Events of the Chu Calendarin the Warring States Period

通过对出土楚历资料认识过程的梳理,认为楚历是早已失传的先秦古历,特点是以前一年大事纪年,以荆为岁首,月序为荆、夏、享月、夏、八月、九月、十月、爨月、献马、冬、屈、远,岁首荆对应秦历正月、实历三月。据此,将出土楚历日材料入实历,确认了15个楚国大事纪年的具体年代,证明楚历与夏历、殷历、周历、颛顼历均有区别,同时证明楚人已具备科学的天文观测知识。

The calendar of Chu Kingdom is regarded as the lost calendar of the year before Qin Dynasty by sorting cognitive process of the unearthed Chu Kingdom’s calendar in this paper.The calendar of Chu Kingdom is characterized by counting the years through the previous year’s major events.Jing Yi is the beginning of one year and the sequence of months is:Jing Yi,Xia Yi,Xiang Yue,Xia Xi,Ba Yue,Jiu Yue,Shi Yue,Cuan Yue,Xian Ma,Dong Xi,Qu Xi and Yuan Xi.Jing Yi corresponds to the first month of the Qin calendar and the third month of Shi calendar.Based on this,the unearthed Chu calendar materials has been put into the actual calendar,and the specific dates of the fifteen major events of Chu have been confirmed.It is proved in the paper that Chu calendar is different from Xia calendar,Yin calendar,Zhou calendar and Zhuanxu calendar,and it is also proved that Chu people have scientific knowledge of astronomical observation.