教育评价的三种形态、实践误区及改进策略

Three Forms,Practice Misunderstanding and Improvement Strategy of Educational Evaluation

教育评价是泛在的教育相关主体在教育场域中进行意义建构的过程。从历史发展来看,根据功能不同,教育评价有三种存在形态,即作为选才工具的教育评价、作为管理手段的教育评价和作为育人资源的教育评价。在实践中,教育评价三种形态也暴露出许多问题:作为选才工具,存在越位问题;作为管理手段,出现错位问题;作为育人资源,在实践中尚处于缺位状态。因此,从选才工具来看,教育评价改革必须正确处理公平性和科学性问题,改革完善考试招生制度;从管理手段来看,教育评价改革必须顺应全球公共治理趋势和国际教育评价迭代发展趋势,利用信息技术使其成为牵引社会治理的重要力量;从育人资源来看,教育评价改革必须关注教师群体及其教育评价能力的提升,使其能够切实保障评价育人价值的发挥。

Evaluation is the activity of value judgment carried out by ubiquitous actors,while educational evaluation is the process of meaning construction in the field of education and it encompasses a wide range of content,with multiple and interactive subjects and objects,which leads to diverse and intricate tasks in the practice of educational evaluation reform,making it challenging to pinpoint key areas.Examining the forms of educational evaluation can help accurately identify the focus and challenges of the reform.From the perspective of history,educational evaluation has three forms as talent selection tool,management instrument and educational resource.These three forms have different theoretical foundations and degrees of development.Currently in China,they coexist in a complex manner and examining each form separately reveals numerous issues.As talent selection tool,summative evaluation is more focused than process evaluation and student intellectual evaluation is more focused comprehensive competency evaluation.As management instrument,challenges arise from the mismatch between outdated theories and the demand of evaluation reform in the information age,diversified evalua tion orientation and single governance entity,evaluation institution development and evaluation reform,and rational and controllable presuppositions of evaluation practice and inherent complexity of evaluation subject and object.As educa tional resource,evaluation criteria,subject,and content are misplaced.Therefore,it is impera tive to promote comprehensive reform.As talent selection tool,educa tional evaluation reform must address issues of fairness and scientific validity,particularly by reforming exa mination and enrollment system to offer top-notch innovative talents.As management instrument,educational evaluation reform should align with global govemance trend and international trend,leveraging information technology to guide social governance.As educational resource,educational evaluation reform must focus on improving the capabilities of faculty,esPecially guiding teachers to conduct in-class evaluation effectively,scientifically design and provide feedback on assignments,and enhance non-formal evalua tion capabilties,thereby effectively ensuring the realization of the educational value of educational evalua tion.