2012—2021年厦门市湖里区肺结核流行状况分析

Epidemiological analysis of pulmonary tuberculosis in Huli District of Xiamen Municipal,2012-2021

目的了解近10年厦门市湖里区肺结核流行情况变化,为肺结核防治工作提供参考依据。方法收集湖里区2012—2021年间全区肺结核监测报告数据,采用描述性流行病学方法分析不同年份肺结核的报告发病率、三间分布、就诊及治疗管理情况的区别。结果2012—2021年,不同年度肺结核发病率差异有统计学意义,整体呈下降趋势(χ^(2)=1729.90,P<0.05);每年各月份均有报告肺结核病例,3月、7月报告病例数最多(390例、392例),合计占病例总数的19.69%;年龄集中在15~59岁,占病例总数的90.58%;职业以家务及待业和民工为主,合计占比56.39%;转诊是病例发现的主要来源,占比56.75%;诊断以病原学阴性为主,占比58.33%;77.57%病例为外市户籍,57.7%病例出现就诊延迟;肺结核治疗成功率达75.41%。结论2012—2021年湖里区结核病发病率逐年下降,建议多举措提升防治工作质量以达到终止结核病流行的目的。

Objective To comprehend the alteration in tuberculosis occurrence within Huli District of Xiamen Municipal during the last decade,and to furnish guidelines for the prevention and control of Pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods The report on tuberculosis surveillance in Huli District from 2012 to 2021 was compiled,with an analysis of the variations in reported incidence,distribution across time,location and population,as well as differences in visit,treatment and management of tuberculosis.Results Between 2012 and 2021,there was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in different years,with an overall decreasing trend observed(χ^(2)=1729.90,P<0.05).Every month of the year saw reported cases of tuberculosis,with the highest numbers in March and July(390 and 392 cases,respectively),representing 19.69% of the total number of cases.The patients aged between 15 and 59 years comprised 90.58% of the total number of cases.The most prevalent occupations were housework,unemployment,and migrant work,comprising 56.39% of cases.Referral was the primary means of case identification,accounting for 56.75%,with etiological negative diagnosis as the main source at 58.33%.In 77.57% of cases,the population was migrant,and 57.70% of cases experienced a delay.The success rate for tuberculosis treatment was 75.41%.Conclusions The occurrence of tuberculosis in Huli District has progressively declined from 2012 to 2021.It is recommended to implement additional measures to elevate the level of prevention and control efforts towards completely eradicating the tuberculosis epidemic.