异种胶原基质在种植体周角化黏膜增宽中的美学效果评价

Aesthetic effect evaluation of the xenogeneic collagen matrix in keratinized mucosa augmentation around den⁃tal implants

目的评价异种胶原基质在种植体周角化黏膜增宽中的稳定性及美学效果,为异种胶原基质材料的临床应用提供参考依据。方法获得医院伦理委员会审批及患者知情同意,收集2020年7月至2022年9月于滨州医学院附属烟台口腔医院因种植位点颊侧角化黏膜宽度(keratinized mucosa width,KMW)<2 mm行角化黏膜增宽的20例患者,共纳入36颗种植体,年龄(52.0±10.4)岁,其中女性18例,男性2例。根据移植材料的不同分为游离龈移植(free gingival graft,FGG)对照组和异种胶原基质试验组。测量术后1、3个月种植体颊侧KMW的增量效果及黏膜收缩率,评价术后黏膜瘢痕指数(mucosal scarring index,MSI)。结果术后3个月对照组的KMW为(3.67±1.06)mm,试验组的KMW为(2.96±0.98)mm,差异有统计学意义(t=2.076,P<0.05)。术后1个月试验组KMW收缩率为(33.34±16.30)%,对照组为(22.05±15.47)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后3个月试验组KMW收缩率为(51.95±12.60)%,对照组为(37.44±16.30)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后3个月试验组在瘢痕5项指标中(瘢痕宽度、瘢痕凸度、瘢痕颜色、缝合痕迹、整体外观)均优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论异种胶原基质在种植体周角化黏膜增宽中可以增加KMW,同时获得更加自然协调的软组织美学效果,但具有较大的收缩率。

Objective To evaluate the stability and aesthetic effect of a xenogeneic collagen matrix(mucograft)on achieving an adequate keratinized mucosa width(KMW)around implants and to provide a reference basis for the clini-cal application of xenogeneic collagen matrix materials.Methods The hospital ethics committee approved the study protocol,and the patients provided informed consent.Twenty patients with a KMW<2 mm at the buccal implant site who were treated in Binzhou Medical University Affiliated Yantai Stomatological Hospital from July 2020 to September 2022 were included,and a total of 36 implants were included.The mean age of the patients was(52.0±10.4)years,of which 18 were females and 2 were males.They were divided into a free gingival graft group(FGG,control group)and a xenogeneic collagen matrix group(test group)according to different graft materials.The incremental effect of the KMW on the buccal side of the implant and the mucosal shrinkage rate was measured at 1 month and 3 months after the opera-tion.The mucosal scar index(MSI)was evaluated after the operation.Results At 3 months postoperatively,the KMW was(3.67±1.06)mm in the control group and(2.96±0.98)mm in the test group,and the difference was statistically significant(t=2.076,P<0.05).The KMW shrinkage rate was(33.34±16.30)%in the test group and(22.05±15.47)%in the control group at 1 month postoperatively and(51.95±12.60)%in the test group and(37.44±16.30)%in the control group at 3 months postoperatively,with statistically significant differences between the two groups at the same time points(P<0.05).Three months after surgery,the test group showed significantly better outcomes than the control group in terms of the five scar indicators(scar width,scar convexity,scar color,scar trace,and overall appear-ance),and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Xenogeneic collagen matrix can increase the peri-implant KMW and achieve a more natural and coordinated soft tissue aesthetic effect but with a higher shrink-age rate.