保护多年冻土,助力双碳目标的实现

Achieve the dual carbon goals with protection of permafrost

多年冻土是冰冻圈系统的重要组成成分,因具有特殊的水热物理和力学性质,其生态系统服务功能如固碳增汇、净化水质、调节水文气候、水源涵养和贮存等也较为特殊。近几十年来,随着气候变化和人类活动干扰增强,多年冻土正在发生快速、广泛而深刻的退化,突出表现为地温升高、活动层加深、季节冻深变浅、岛状多年冻土消失、多年冻土分布下界抬升、融区扩展等。当前,我国正努力推动实现碳达峰碳中和目标,多年冻土作为陆地生态系统最大土壤有机碳库,是实现双碳目标的关键环节。我们认为,通过植被建植技术、繁育固碳能力强的苔藓草丛、微生物技术改变浅表层传热过程和水文条件等,构建接近自然状态的冻土保护技术体系是减少温室气体排放的关键路径之一,相关技术的研发将助力我国双碳目标的实现。

Permafrost is one of the most important components of the cryosphere system.Because of its special hydrothermal,physical and mechanical properties,its ecosystem service functions are also important,such as fixing carbon remittance,purifying water quality,regulating hydrological climate,water conservation and storage,etc.However,in recent decades,with the increase of climate change and human activity interference,the permafrost has been extensive,fast and profoundly degraded,which is characteristics of rising in ground temperature,deepening of active layer,disappearance of island permafrost,uplifting of lower limits of permafrost,and expanse of taliks.As permafrost is the largest soil organic carbon pool in terrestrial ecosystems,it is one of the keys to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and building a near-natural permafrost protection technology system to promote the realization of carbon peak and carbon neutrality,including vegetation construction technology,breeding moss with carbon sequestration,modifications to the water level and local hydrologic cycles,and microbial technology to change the heat transfer process in the ground surface and subsurface layers,etc.