不同施肥处理对‘渝城1号’核桃产量、品质和土壤肥力的影响

Effects of Different Fertilization Treatments on The Yield,Quality and Soil Fertility of ‘Yucheng 1’ Juglans regia L.

以‘渝城1号’核桃为研究对象,设置单施复合肥、单施有机肥、施用核桃配方肥及不施肥4个处理,测定不同施肥处理时核桃产量、品质及核桃园土壤理化性质、微生物数量等,对核桃配方肥的应用效果进行评价。结果表明:施复合肥、有机肥及核桃配方肥均能提高核桃产量,其中,施用核桃配方肥的增产效果最好,经济效益最高,该施肥处理比不施肥的收益提高88.1%。相比于不施肥,施用核桃配方肥时核桃果实的蛋白质及脂肪总量显著提高,油酸、亚油酸、α-亚麻酸等不饱和脂肪酸占比增加,硬脂酸、棕榈酸等饱和脂肪酸占比下降。施用复合肥能促进核桃园土壤有效氮、磷、钾质量分数的增加,但会引起土壤pH及有机质质量分数下降。施用有机肥和核桃配方肥均能促进土壤有机质和有效养分质量分数增加。施用核桃配方肥后,土壤总微生物量增加,固氮菌、解磷菌、解钾菌、纤维降解菌等功能微生物数量均显著增多,土壤脲酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶等活性大幅升高。施用核桃配方肥能显著提升核桃的产量和品质,更利于土壤养分转化和果园可持续经营。

Using ‘Yucheng No.1' walnut(Juglans regia L.) as the research object,four treatments were established,including single application of compound fertilizer,single application of organic fertilizer,application of walnut formula fertilizer,and no fertilizer application.By determining the yield and quality of walnut trees,and soil physical and chemical properties,microbial quantity of walnut garden in each fertilization treatment,the effectiveness of walnut formula fertilizer application was evaluated.The results showed that the application of compound fertilizer,organic fertilizer,and walnut formula fertilizer all increased walnut yield.Among them,the application of walnut formula fertilizer showed the greatest increase in yield and the highest economic benefit,resulting in an 88.1% increase in income compared to no fertilizer application.Compared to no fertilizer application,the application of walnut formula fertilizer significantly increased the total protein and fat content of walnut fruits,and increased the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid,linoleic acid,and α-linolenic acid,while decreasing the proportion of saturated fatty acids such as stearic acid and palmitic acid.The application of compound fertilizer promoted an increase in soil valid nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium content,but decreased soil pH and organic matter content.The application of organic fertilizer and walnut formula fertilizer both promoted an increase in soil organic matter and valid nutrient content.After applying walnut formula fertilizer,the total microbial biomass in the soil increased,and the quantity of functional microorganisms such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria,phosphorus-dissolving bacteria,potassium-dissolving bacteria,and fiber-degrading bacteria significantly increased.The activities of soil urease,phosphatase,sucrase,and catalase also showed significant increases.The application of walnut formula fertilizer significantly increased walnut yield and quality,and was more beneficial for soil nutrient transformation and sustainable orchard management.