浅论汉代的童蒙教育

A Brief Analysis on the Children’s Enlightenment Education of the Han Dynasty

两汉时期的童蒙教育包含学校教育、家庭教育和社会教育三种形式。学校教育包括中央官学(太学、宫邸学)和地方官学郡国学校,其童蒙教育的对象是贵族、中上层地主阶级子弟,童蒙之学的经学教育以《孝经》和《论语》为主要内容,兼习百家之学,道德伦理教育主要集中在做人和治学两个方面。书馆是私学童蒙教育的主要阵地,是经学教育的重要场所。家庭童蒙教育重在传授生活技能和培养伦理道德观念,社会童蒙教育主要体现在社会教化上。童蒙教育为汉朝政府培养了高素质的储备人才,推动了汉代政治制度进一步发展完善,促使重学、尚学之风盛行,为后世的童蒙教育奠定了深厚的基础。

The children’s enlightenment education of the Han Dynasty contained school education,family education and social education.The school education included the central government schools(Taixue,Palace school)and prefecture-county school of the local government schools.The object of the children’s enlightenment education was the aristocracy and children born in an upper-middle class family.The main learning contents of children’s enlightenment education was not only The Book of Filial Piety and The Analects of Confucius,but also included knowledges from other schools of thoughts.The moral and ethical education mainly focused on two aspects:self-cultivation and study.Shu Guan was not only the main position of private school for children’s enlightenment education,but also an important place for the Confucianism education.The family education mainly focused on imparting life skills and cultivating ethical and moral concepts,while social education was mainly embodied in social indoctrination.Children’s enlightenment education provided a number of high-quality reserve talents,further improved the political system of the Han Dynasty and promoted the formation of a culture of learning,laying a profound foundation for children’s enlightenment education in later generations.