摘要
传统添附制度中,动产附合于不动产将导致原动产所有权消灭,无法满足动产担保交易的实践需要。根据交易当事人的合理预期,动产担保物权应延伸于附着物,非典型担保亦应同样延续。由此,不动产附着物有必要作为独立分类,以便同时负担动产担保权和不动产担保权。附着物在客观方面需要考察动产移除是否会造成不动产的物理损害,而不考虑整体功能性的影响。附着的主观方面需要探究当事人的意思,综合考虑附着物性质、当事人关系、附着的程度和目的等因素。在动产担保缺乏不动产登记的情况下,有必要平衡交易人信赖与动产担保延伸的需求,允许善意第三人在附着物上取得物权。出于交易稳定性与可预测性的考虑,附着物上延伸的动产担保有必要记载于不动产登记簿。购置物担保权人若在宽限期内登记,其超级优先权可构成登记顺位原则的例外。若是建筑物抵押权人旨在以完工后的建筑物作为抵押物,则其抵押权优先于购置款担保权。
In the traditional accession system,the attachment of movable property to immovable property will result in the extinguishment of the ownership of the original movable property and will not meet the practical needs of secured transactions in movable property.According to the reasonable expectations of the parties to the transaction,the security interest in the movable property should extend to the fixture,and atypical security should continue likewise.As a result,fixtures to immovable property need to be treated as a separate category in order to afford both security interests in movable property and security interests in immovable property.The objective aspect of fixture requires an examination of whether the removal of the movable property causes physical damage to the immovable property,regardless of the overall functional impact.The subjective aspect of fixture requires an inquiry into the opinion of the parties,taking into account factors such as the nature of the fixture,the relationship of the parties,the extent and purpose of the attachment.In the absence of immovable property registration for security over movable property,it is necessary to balance the need for transactional reliance with the need for extension of security over movable property by allowing bona fide third parties to acquire rights in rem in the fixture.For reasons of transactional stability and predictability,it is necessary for security over movable property extended to fixtures to be recorded in the immovable property register.The super-priority of an acquisition security interest holder that registers within the grace period may constitute an exception to the registration priority principle.In the case of a mortgagee of a building that aims to use the completed building as collateral,its mortgage has priority over the purchase money security interest.
出处
《南大法学》
CSSCI
2024年第1期18-42,共25页
NanJing University Law Journal
基金
国家社科基金一般项目“登记型动产与权利担保的规范统合研究”(23BFX058)的阶段性成果。
关键词
附着物
不动产附合
担保物权延伸
附着物登记
购置款担保
Fixture
Attachment to the Immovable Property
Extension of Security Interest
Fixture Filing
Purchase Money Security Interest