水声材料声学参数测试技术的进展

Advances in Acoustic Parameter Testing Technology of Underwater Acoustic Materials

水声材料是水下声系统能力形成和发展的基础,其声学参数测试技术是确保水声材料构件功能实现的重要保障,然而目前水声材料构件的测试技术面临着低频拓展及高压拓展等方面带来的技术挑战。水声材料构件的声管测试技术可分为驻波管法、脉冲管法和行波管法,此3种方法在适用性方面相互补充,但存在测试构件尺寸小难以阐明结构的整体特性、构件与管壁间的缝隙造成测量失准的问题。自由场测试技术及压力罐测试技术是大面积水声材料测试的有效手段,但存在测试构件边缘衍射造成测量准确性降低的问题。对目前采用的水声材料测试技术及其研究现状进行了综述,讨论了各类测试技术存在的困难和挑战,并展望了水声材料构件测试技术未来的发展方向。

Underwater acoustic material is the basis of underwater acoustic system capabilities,and its acoustic parameter testing technology is an important guarantee to ensure the functional realization of underwater acoustic material components.However,the current testing technology of underwater acoustic material components faces technical challenges brought by low frequency and high pressure.The acoustic tube testing of underwater acoustic material can be divided into the standing wave tube method,the pulse tube method and the traveling wave tube method.These three methods complement each other in terms of applicability.However,it is difficult to clarify the overall characteristics of the structure due to the small size of the test component,and the gap between the component and the pipe wall causes measurement inaccuracy.Free field test and pressure tank test technologies are effective methods for large-area underwater acoustic material testing,but there is a problem that the measurement accuracy is reduced due to the edge diffraction of test components.In this paper,the currently used underwater acoustic material testing technologies and their research status are reviewed.The difficulties and challenges of various testing technologies are discussed,and the future development direction of underwater acoustic material components testing is prospected.