中国“新能源矿产目录”厘定研究

Research on the determination of“list of new energy minerals”in China

全球能源体系正在加速从传统能源向新能源转变,新能源产业发展需要的矿产资源已成为大国博弈的焦点。科学厘定我国“新能源矿产目录”,对于保障国家能源安全和经济安全意义重大。首先,界定了新能源、新能源“产-储-运-用”体系、新能源矿产的概念,据此进一步提出了涵盖重要性、关键性及新能源领域对矿产需求影响程度3个维度的中国“新能源矿产目录”评价体系和评价方法;然后,按照“产-储-运-用”的4大环节梳理出新能源领域主要使用的43种矿产作为备选矿产清单,并通过系统评价确定了涵盖锂、铜、钒、硅(高纯石英)、钕、镝、镨、铽、铀、铂等19种矿产的中国“新能源矿产目录”;最后,分析了我国新能源矿产的供应保障情况,指出我国8种新能源矿产高度紧缺、依赖进口,另外11种矿产目前能够保障需求,未来极有可能面临供不应求、依赖进口的局面,亟需提前布局,加大勘查开发和投资力度,确保国家新能源矿产资源稳定供应。

The global energy system is accelerating the transformation from traditional energy to new energy,and the mineral resources needed for the new energy industry have become the focus of the game between great powers.Scientific determination of“list of new energy minerals”in China is of great significance for safeguarding national energy security and economic security.Firstly,defines the concept of the new energy,“production-storage-transport-use”industrial system of new energy,new energy minerals.Based on this,the evaluation system and evaluation method of“list of new energy minerals”in China are proposed,which cover three dimensions of importance,criticality and influence degree of new energy field on mineral demand.Then,according to the four links of“production-storage-transport-use”,43 kinds of minerals mainly used in the field of new energy are sorted out as alternative minerals list,and through systematic evaluation,“list of new energy minerals”in China covering 19 kinds of minerals is determined,such as lithium,copper,vanadium,silicon(high purity quartz),neodymium,dysprosium,praseodymium,terbium,uranium,platinum and so on.Finally,by the analysis of the supply of new energy minerals in China,points out that 8 kinds of new energy minerals are highly scarce in China,and the other 11 kinds of minerals can guarantee the demand at present,but are likely to face the situation of short supply and dependence on imports in the future.It is urgent to carry out the layout in advance,increase exploration,development and investment,and ensure the stable supply of national new energy mineral resources.