从“无言”到“言说”——关于中国古代阐释的发生学考察

From “Silence” to “Speech”:A Study of the Genesis of Ancient Chinese Interpretation

中国古代阐释有一个从“无言”到“言说”的发生逻辑。古代思想家相信大道至简的道理,也甘愿处在无言的位置,但迫于现实的需要不得不担负起言说的职责。结果就是把“道”从一个实践范畴转换为言说的对象,同时也表明了古代阐释的公共性及其话语实践品格。从“无言”到先秦子学的“谈辨”,再到汉以来经典解释学的形成,言说方式的调整伴随着士人与君权之间的力量消长,而阐释行为就发生在为了说服天下人之心从而不断地追加言说、证成己说的过程中,毋宁说就是古代知识阶层通过话语建构的方式引领社会政治文化方向的必由之路。

There is a logic of occurrence in ancient Chinese interpretation from “silence” to “speech”.Ancient thinkers believe in the simplicity of the great way and are willing to be in a silent position,but they have to shoulder the responsibility of speech due to the reality.As a result,it transforms “Dao” from a practical category to an object of speech,and at the same time it demonstrates the public nature of ancient interpretation and its practical character in discourse.From “silence” to “debate”,and then to the classical hermeneutics since the Han Dynasty,the adjustment of the way of speech has been accompanied by the growth and decline of the power between the scholars and the monarchy.The act of interpretation occurs in the process of constantly adding words and proving their own words in order to convince the hearts of the world.Rather,it is the only way for intellectuals to lead the directions of society,politics and culture through the way of discourse construction.