基于机场鸟情特点的驱鸟设备使用探讨

Research on the Use of Bird‑Repellent Equipment Based on the Characteristics of Airport Bird Situation

鸟击是随着飞机诞生而出现的一个全球性问题,具有突发性和多发性的特点。中国民航面临鸟击风险逐渐上升的趋势。根据重庆江北国际机场的鸟情数据,对比中国民航、部分国内机场和美国民航鸟击数据发现,机场具有飞行区集群活动鸟类、迁徙季节、飞行区及周边区域鸟击高发的特点。为加强对飞行区及周边区域鸟情的干扰和驱赶,笔者对目前市场上常见的声音、视觉、物理、化学等各类驱鸟设备(措施)作用原理及有效性进行分析,指出机场面临关键区域、重要时段驱鸟措施使用受限,驱鸟设备本身效果不足以及即时驱鸟设备对鸟情处置后果不确定等问题,并就此提出机场驱鸟设备配置与安装使用的建议,以期为机场驱鸟设备配置与使用提供参考。

Birdstrike is a global issue with the invention of aircraft,and the occurrence of which is characterized of sud‐den and frequent.China Civil Aviation is facing an increasing trend of birdstrike risk.Based on the bird activity situation(include the avian community,birds’characters,and birdstrike record)of Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport over the years,and by comparing the bird strike data of China Civil Aviation,some domestic airports and American Civil Avia‐tion,the characteristics of birdstrike that is commonly happened in airport and nearby areas with high frequency of migrant birds and flocking birds were summarized in this study.In order to strengthen the disturbance and to drive away the migrant birds in the flight area and surrounding areas,the working principle and effectiveness of various bird repelling equipment(or measures)commonly used in the airports,such as sound,vision,physics and chemistry were analyzed.The results showed there were several problems such as limited use of bird repelling measures in key areas and important periods,in‐sufficient effectiveness of bird repelling equipment itself,and uncertain consequences of immediate bird repelling equip‐ment on bird situation disposal in the airports.Finally,the purchasing suggestion,installation and application of the birdrepellent equipment were proposed for airport authorities.