淀粉基气凝胶的制备、改性与应用

Starch Aerogel: Production, Modification and Application

淀粉基气凝胶是一种密度低、比表面积大、孔隙率高的三维多孔网络新型轻质材料。淀粉基气凝胶的制备过程简单、清洁,是将淀粉糊化和回生制备水凝胶后脱水干燥而得。本文探讨影响气凝胶性能的主要因素,如淀粉来源、淀粉浓度、糊化温度、回生条件和干燥方式。阐述淀粉基气凝胶的改性方法,如交联处理、复合改性、表面涂层等,以及改性后淀粉基气凝胶的应用。目前有关淀粉基气凝胶的应用研究主要围绕食品营养和生物医药方面,其在隔热材料、环境污染处理等领域存在应用潜力。本文对构建高品质的淀粉基气凝胶,拓展其应用具有重要意义。

A novel kind of lightweight material which called starch-based aerogel have a three-dimensional porous network with high porosity,large specific surface area,and low density.The preparation of starch aerogels is simple and clean.It is prepared by drying the hydrogels after starch gelatinization and regeneration.This paper focuses on the main factors affecting aerogel properties,such as starch source,starch concentration,gelatinization temperature,regeneration conditions and different drying methods.In addition,the modification of starch aerogel such as cross-linking treatment,compound modification,surface coating,and the applications of modified starch-based aerogels was summarized.At present,the research on the application of starch aerogel mainly focuses on food nutrition and biomedicine.Furthermore,starch aerogel has certain application potential in thermal insulation materials,environmental pollution treatment and other fields.This paper is instructive for constructing of high-quality starch aerogels and expanding their practical applications.