江苏省高年资护士共情疲劳的潜在类别分析

Analysis of potential categories of compassion fatigue among senior nurses in Jiangsu province

目的了解江苏省高年资护士共情疲劳的现状及潜在类别,分析其影响因素,为高年资护士的人本化管理提供参考。方法采用便利抽样法,选取江苏省苏中、苏南、苏北地区护理工作年限≥10年的高年资护士3509人作为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、中文版共情疲劳量表及中文版护士工作环境感知量表进行调查。结果高年资护士职业倦怠得分为(24.58±6.50)分,继发性创伤应激得分为(26.80±6.07)分,同情满足得分为(36.57±7.38)分。中度及以上共情疲劳者为2386人(68.0%)。潜在剖面分析显示,共情疲劳分为共情疲劳优势组(32.00%)、中度共情疲劳组(63.12%)和共情疲劳应激组(4.87%)3个潜在类别。logistic回归分析显示,职务、月收入、班次、对工作环境感知是共情疲劳不同潜在类别的影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论高年资护士共情疲劳存在3个潜在类别,呈现群体异质性。护理管理者需采用多元化、人本化管理策略,激发高年资护士工作热情,降低共情疲劳水平。

Objective To understand the current status and potential categories of compassion fatigue among senior nurses in Jiangsu province,and to analyze its influencing factors,so as to provide a reference for the human-centric management of senior nurses.Methods Using convenience sampling,3509 senior nurses in central,southern and northern Jiangsu with a working tenure of≥10 years were selected,then they were investigated by utilizing a general information questionnaire,Professional Quality of Life Scale version 5(ProQOL-5),and the Chinese Version of Perceived Nursing Work Environment(C-PNWE).Results The burnout score of senior nurses was(24.58±6.50),secondary traumatic stress score was(26.80±6.07),and compassion satisfaction score was(36.57±7.38).Among them,2386(68.0%)experienced moderate or higher level of compassion fatigue.Latent profile analysis revealed three potential categories of compassion fatigue:compassion fatigue dominant group(32.00%),moderate level of compassion fatigue group(63.12%),and compassion fatigue stress group(4.87%).Logistic regression analysis showed that,job position,monthly income,shift schedule,and perception of the work environment were influencing factors for different potential categories of compassion fatigue(all P<0.05).Conclusion Compassion fatigue among senior nurses has three potential categories,which indicates group heterogeneity.Nursing managers should adopt diversified and human-centric management strategies,so as to boost senior nurses′enthusiasm for work and reduce their compassion fatigue.