技术异质下中国城市生态全要素生产率测度及其空间溢出效应

Measurement of ecological total factor productivity and its spatial spillover effects in Chinese cities under technological heterogeneity

实现地区经济增长与生态效益的协同增长,不仅能够有效推进和完善生态文明建设,也有助于加快发展方式绿色转型。该研究从强可持续和共同前沿理论的角度入手,基于2011—2020年中国285个地级市面板数据,考虑区域技术异质性的特征,采用基于共同前沿的三阶段SBM模型来测度城市生态全要素生产率,并利用空间杜宾面板模型分析城市生态全要素生产率的空间溢出效应以及影响因素。研究结果表明:①在剔除外部环境因素和随机因素影响后,各地区生态全要素生产率相比于未改进前有了较大幅度的下降;从分地区效率均值来看,呈现出东部>东北>西部>中部的特征。②不同空间权重矩阵下,城市生态全要素生产率具有明显的空间溢出效应,且存在差异性特征。③考虑地理位置、经济发展水平及资源禀赋差异因素,东部地区和非资源枯竭型城市生态全要素生产率产生的空间溢出效应更加明显,而中部、西部、东北地区和资源枯竭型城市生态全要素生产率的空间溢出效果则一般。④城市生态全要素生产率的提升,离不开相邻地区的协作和交流,进而形成以邻为伴和互利共赢的发展格局。因此,在中国经济面临转型发展的新时期,需要重视提高要素和资源的利用效率,充分考虑不同地区的技术差距;同时,也要深化和统筹区域协同发展的格局,从政策制定层面完善创新体制机制,推动地区生态全要素生产率的持续增长,从而形成地区间互利共赢的发展格局。

Realizing the synergy of regional economic growth and ecological development can not only effectively promote the construction of ecological civilization,but also help accelerate the green transformation of the development mode.For this,from the perspective of strong sustainability and the common frontier theory,using the panel data of 285 prefecture-level cities in China from 2011 to 2020 and considering the characteristics of regional technological heterogeneity,this study used the three-stage SBM model based on the common frontier to measure urban ecological total factor productivity.The study also used the spatial Durbin panel model to analyze the spatial spillover effects and influencing factors of urban ecological total factor productivity.The findings showed that:①After excluding the influence of external environmental factors and random factors,the ecological total factor productivity of each region decreased significantly compared with that before the improvement.From the perspective of average efficiency by region,there was a characteristic of east>northeast>west>center.②Under different spatial weight matrices,urban ecological total factor productivity had obvious spatial spillover effects,and there were differences in characteristics.③From the perspective of geographical location,economic development level,and resource endowment differences,the spatial spillover effects of ecological total factor productivity in China's eastern regions and non-resource depletion cities were more obvious,while those in the central and western regions,northeastern regions,and resource depletion cities were average.④The improvement of urban ecological total factor productivity could not be separated from the cooperation and exchange between neighboring regions,thus forming a development pattern of partnership with mutual benefits.Therefore,in the new era of China's economic transformation and development,it is necessary to pay attention to improving the efficiency of factor and resource utilization and fully consider the technological gaps between different regions.At the same time,it is also necessary to deepen and coordinate the pattern of regionally coordinated development,improve the innovation systems and mechanisms in policy formulation,and promote the sustainable growth of regional ecological total factor productivity so as to form a mutually beneficial and winwin development pattern among regions.