基于新一代几何技术规范的装配误差建模

Assembly error modeling based on geometrical product specifications

针对由于公差设计不合理而导致的服役于复杂工况的机械装备性能下降等问题,提出一种综合考虑制造与装配误差的机械产品装配精度分析方法。该方法首先利用有限元分析机械装备零部件装配误差导致的变形,并提取发生形变的关键特征面;然后基于新一代几何技术规范(GPS)将特征面的变形转化为尺寸与形位公差数据,并与设计公差进行叠加,实现变形—误差—公差的转换;随后基于雅可比旋量理论,构建综合考虑制造与装配误差的公差分析模型支撑机械装备的公差精量化设计;最后以某型机载作动筒为工程应用对象,对比分析了是否考虑受力变形条件下装配精度分析的结果差异,结果显示该方法相较于原有方法具有更高的计算准确性,能为精密机械产品精度设计提供更加准确的指导。

In view of the mechanical equipment performance degradation under complex working conditions caused by unreasonable tolerance design,a method of assembly accuracy analysis that considered manufacturing and assembly errors was proposed.The finite element method was used to analyze the deformation of mechanical equipment parts,and the feature surface of deformation was extracted.Based on the new generation of Geometrical Product Specifications(GPS),the deformation of the feature was transformed into the dimension,orientation,and form tolerance,and superimposed with the design tolerance to realize the transformation of deformation to tolerance.Based on the Jacobian-Torsor theory,a tolerance analysis model was established to support the precision tolerance design of mechanical equipment.An airborne actuator was taken to compare and analyze the results of assembly accuracy considering the deformation or not.The results verified the accuracy and effectiveness of the tolerance analysis method,and a tolerance optimization design of complex products was provided.