高质量发展导向下大城市社会空间分异格局及调控策略——以广州为例

Patterns and Improvement Strategies of Socio-Spatial Differentiation in Large Cities for Achieving High-Quality Development:the Case of Guangzhou

城市社会空间分异是城乡规划领域的经典议题。以广州市为例,根据人口普查数据和人群画像数据等,聚焦城市内部各街区,通过对居住空间类型与社会群体分布和公共服务设施配置的关联分析,深入探究中心城区社会空间分异特征及现存问题,进而提出城市社会空间高质量均衡发展的调控策略。研究发现,广州市中心城区在居住空间类型方面以商品房街区和城中村街区为主,老旧街区占比较小,呈现出明显的居住空间分异特征,且三类街区的居民在年龄、受教育程度、收入、消费水平等社会经济特征方面差异显著;各类公共服务设施供给水平在不同社会群体及三类街区之间亦表现出明显的不均衡性;在城市历史发展惯性、城市规划引导、房地产发展的共同影响下,广州市中心城区呈现出“圈层+斑块”的社会空间结构。为缓解中国快速城镇化进程中大城市出现的社会空间维度不均衡发展的问题,从可负担住房保障和公共服务设施布局两方面提出相关调控策略,为推动城市高质量发展提供研究支撑。

Urban socio-spatial differentiation is a classic topic in the field of urban and rural planning.Taking Guangzhou City as a case,using the correlation analysis of residential space types,social group distribution and public service facilities allocation,this paper deeply explores the differentiation characteristics and existing problems of social space in the central urban area,and then proposes improvement strategies for the high-quality and balanced development of urban social space.It was found that the residential space types in downtown Guangzhou were mainly urban villages and commercial housing blocks,while the old blocks accounted for a relatively small proportion,showing obvious characteristics of residential space differentiation.Moreover,the social and economic characteristics of residents in the three types of blocks were significantly different in age,education level,income and consumption level.The supply level of all kinds of public service facilities also showed obvious imbalance among different social groups and three types of blocks.Under the common influence of historical development inertia,urban planning guidance and real estate development,the downtown area of Guangzhou presented a social space structure of"circle+patch".In order to alleviate the unbalanced development of social and spatial dimension in big cities in the process of rapid urbanization in China,relevant improvement strategies are proposed from the two perspectives of affordable housing security and public service facility layout to provide references for promoting high-quality urban development.