数据权利保障之国家义务及其实现

National Obligations and Implementation of Data Rights Protection

数据权利保障存在着明显的“重私法,轻公法”现象。在宪法层面上,数据权利保障应以国家义务为根本依托。数据权利的国家义务体系是由尊重义务、保护义务、给付义务所组成的递进式结构,其内容分别对应着预防国家侵犯数据权利、排除第三人侵犯数据权利以及数据权利实现的国家给付性救济三个层次。为了确保国家积极履行对数据权利的保障义务,既要建立起国家保障数据权利的内部纠错审查机制,也要发挥公众对国家保障数据权利的外部监督效能,还要不断强化国家保障数据权利的司法救济力度,从而形成多元化的国家义务履行监督机制。

There is a clear existence of"valuing private law over public law"for the data rights protection.At the constitutional level,the protection of data rights should be fundamentally based on national obligations.The national obligation system of data rights is a progressive structure composed of respect obligations,protection obligations,and payment obligations,which correspond to three levels:preventing state infringement of data rights,excluding third-party infringement of data rights,and providing state payment remedies for the realization of data rights.In order to ensure that the country actively fulflls its obligation to safeguard data rights,it is necessary to establish an internal error correction review mechanism for safeguarding data rights,and to leverage the external supervision effectiveness of the public on safeguarding data rights.It is also necessary to continuously strengthen the judicial rescue efforts for safeguarding data rights,thereby forming a diversified mechanism for monitoring the fulfillment of national obligations.