网暴犯罪刑事程序法治理的特征、缺陷及其完善

Characteristics,Deficiencies and Improvement of Criminal Procedural Law Governance of Cyber Violence Crimes

《惩治网暴犯罪指导意见》引入了网暴犯罪治理的刑事程序法视角。通过协助取证的案前延伸,扩大解释公诉条件,优先使用公诉程序,该规范凸显网暴犯罪治理中的职权主导特征。然而,网暴犯罪的职权治理并不完备,可能不当限制被害人的诉权,也未兼顾网络服务提供者的利益。因此,在职权治理方面,应明确协助取证的程序要件,降低自诉立案的门槛;在诉权治理方面,应保障被害人前、中、后三个阶段的程序选择权;在平台治理方面,应加强国家机关与第三方网络平台的合作,积极推进网暴合规业务。

The Guiding Opinions on Punishing Cyber Violence Crimes introduces a criminal procedural law perspective on the governance of cyber violence crimes.Through the pre-case extension of assistance in obtaining evidence,expanding the interpretation of the conditions for public prosecution,and prioritizing the use of public prosecution procedures,the norm highlights the competenceled features in the governance of cyber violence crimes.However,the ex officio governance of cybercrime is incomplete,and may unduly restrict the victims' right of action and fail to take into account the interests of network service providers.Therefore,in terms of competence governance,the procedural elements of assistance in obtaining evidence should be clarified,and the threshold for filing a private prosecution should be lowered;in terms of the governance of the right of action,the victim's right to choose the procedure in the three stages of the process,namely,before,during and after,should be guaranteed;and in terms of the governance of the platform,the cooperation between the state organs and the third-party network platform should be strengthened,and cyberviolence compliant business should be actively promoted.