清代方志编纂理论与实践——以清代皖志为例

Theory and Practice of Local Chronicle Compilation in the Qing Dynasty——Taking"Chronicles of Anhui"in the Qing Dynasty as an Example

清代是中国古代方志发展的巅峰,方志编纂理论随之获得很大发展。康熙、乾隆、嘉庆三朝,三次编修《大清一统志》,各地方志的编修普遍开展,大量文人学者积极投身于方志编纂,大大提高了方志的质量,同时方志编纂理论研究也趋于深入。清代方志编修者在修志实践中,提出了许多关于方志编纂的理论问题,对于清以前的方志编纂理论,既有继承,又有发展。与此同时,在方志编纂理论的影响下,清代方志编纂体例、方志的结构形式出现了较大变化,在承袭旧志体的基础上,开始综合运用多种形式,这种现象反映了志书编纂实践发展的新趋向。

The Qing Dynasty marked the pinnacle of local chronicle compilation in ancient China,with significant advancements made in theories of local chronicle compilation.During the reign of Kangxi,Qianlong,and Jiaqing Emperors,the Total Annals of the Qing Dynasty were compiled three times,leading to widespread compilations of local chronicles.Active engagement of many literati resulted in greatly-improved quality of local chronicles.In the meantime,the theoretic research on local chronicle compilation made further progress.The Qing Dynasty compilers proposed many theoretical questions regarding local chronicle compilation during their practice,inheriting and developing the chronicle compilation theories in previous dynasties.Influenced by theories on local chronicle compilation,local chronicles underwent significant changes in terms of format and structure in the Qing Dynasty,adopting various new formats while maintaining elements of old chronicle formats,which reflected new trends in chronicle compilation practice.