耐热型西番莲品种“钦蜜9号”花器官发育特征与繁育系统研究

Studies on Flower Development Characteristics and Breeding System of Heat-resistant Variety Qinmi No.9 Passiflora caerulea L.

为明确耐热型黄果西番莲品种“钦蜜9号”花器官发育进程特性和繁育系统类型,测定其花器官表型性状、花粉活性、柱头可授性、异交指数和花粉胚珠比。结果表明,“钦蜜9号”花器官发育进程为现蕾期—花冠发育期—雌雄蕊发育期—裂蕾期—开花授粉期—谢花期,时间持续25~27 d,开花时间为下午13:00—15:00,单花开放时长约24 h,开花前3 d左右(花药即将开裂时)至裂蕾时柱头可授性最强;花粉数量为7.94×10^(5)个/花药,活性为90.11%,繁育系统类型为异交型,自交亲和,异交需要传粉者。这些特征为“钦蜜9号”35℃以上高温还能正常开花结果提供重要参考条件。

To define the characteristics of the development progress of floral organ and the types of breeding system of high heat-resistant variety Qinmi No.9 Passiflora caerulea L.,the phenotypic traits of floral organ,pollen viability,stigma receptivity,outcrossing index and pollen ovule ratio were determined.Results show that floral development process of Qinmi No.9 could be divided into 6 stages:squaring stage,corolla development stage,female and male stamens development stage,flower bud cleft stage,flowering stage and flower faded stage,which lasted for 25—27 days.Flowering time was at 13:00—15:00,and flowering duration of single flower was about 24 hours.Stigma receptivity was the greatest at three days before flowering to flower bud cleft stage.The number of pollen was about 7.94×10^(5)per anther.Pollen viability was 90.11%.The type of breeding system of Qinmi No.9 was outcrossing,and self-compatible,which requires pollinators.These characteristics provide important basic conditions for Qinmi No.9 to flower and bear fruits normally under high temperature of above 35℃.