车用头盔风险评估及其壳体材质老化研究现状

The Risk Assessment of Helmets and Research Status of Helmets Shells Aging

车用头盔在安全骑行中起着重要的防护作用,随着“一盔一带”安全守护行动的开展,骑乘人员伤亡率有效降低。头盔作为佩戴保护头部的防护设备,它的使用寿命约3~5年,头盔作为循环长久使用产品,有必要评估其长期性能。由于其壳体材质在防护过程中可防止外部机械冲击且使用过程中的老化主要针对外层壳体,壳体聚合物材质的磨损和老化都会影响其性能,从而缩短头盔的使用寿命。该文主要以车用头盔壳体材质为研究对象,对市场上车用头盔进行概述,并对其相关的标准及风险现状进行评估,综述了壳体相关材质的应用和老化研究现状,有望为头盔的耐候性研究、老化机理分析及使用寿命探索提供指导。

Helmets play an important role in safe riding.In deed,wearing a helmet effectively reduces the risk of death or serous injuries among riders when accidents occur.Helmet,as a protective equipment worn to protect the head,it has an in-use service life of 3~5 years.Therefore,it is necessary to assess its long-term performance.In helmet,the polymeric outer shell material provides protection against external mechanical impact.However,wearing and weathering both will af fect the property of the polymer and thus shorten the service life of helmets.This review,we comprehensively and systematically summarizes the fundamentals of helmets,including their compositions,protective mechanisms,aging and weathering behavior as well as the risk of usage.This review is expect to provide guidance for the design of high performance outer shells for helmets and the exploring of performance and service life for practical application.