个人破产立法中的观念转换与制度支撑

Concept Transformation and Institutional Support in Personal Ba nkruptcy Legislation

我国当前进行个人破产立法的关键问题之一,是需要大力转换传统个人破产观中的错误文化与观念,缓解、消除各方对个人破产法尤其是债务免责制度的误解,使个人破产立法得以顺利启动。在这一过程中,我们要对传统的个人破产观作出客观、全面、正确的评价,“取其精华,去其糟粕”,既要承认其合理之处,也要指明其错误之处,并以债务免责的具体制度释明破除对个人破产法的误解与顾虑。我国将建立的个人债务免责制度,不是对所有进入破产程序的债务人不加区分地一概免责,也不是对债务人所有的债务全部免责,更不是在破产程序结束或结束后满一定期间对债务自动免责。免责要有法院的审查和裁定许可,要设定一段监督债务人行为、持续清偿债务的良好行为考察期。同时对债权人的权益通过设置对债务免责的异议权、撤销权等制度予以充分保障。

One of the key issues in China's current legislation on personal bankruptcy is the need to vigorously transform the erroneous culture and concepts in traditional personal bankruptcy views,alleviating and eliminating misunderstandings about personal bankruptcy law,especially the debt exemption system,so that personal bankruptcy legislation can be smoothly launched.In this process,we should make an objective,comprehensive and correct evaluation of the traditional personal bankruptcy concept,"take its essence and discard its dross",not only recognizing its rationality,but also pointing out its mistakes,and using the specific system of debt exemption to explain and eliminate the misunderstanding and concerns about the personal bankruptcy law.The personal debt exemption system that our country will establish does not exempt all debtors who enter bankruptcy proceedings indiscriminately,nor does it exempt all debts of debtors,nor does it automatically exempt debts after the end of bankruptcy proceedings or a certain period of time.Exemption from liability requires the approval of the court's review and ruling,and a period of good conduct inspection should be set up to supervise the debtor's behavior and continuously repay the debt.At the same time,the rights and interests of creditors are fully protected through the establishment of systems such as objection rights and revocation rights for debt exemption.