中美青少年体质健康测试发展特征的比较与启示

Comparison and Inspiration on the Development Characteristics of Physical Fitness Testing for Chinese and American Adolescents

对中美两国青少年体质健康发展历程、研究内容、方法、评价体系和面临的困境进行梳理,揭示中美青少年体质健康问题在不同阶段的发展困境和研究成果。美国的青少年体质健康测试开始较早,一定程度推动了青少年体质健康研究的发展,目前则只有区域性体质健康测试,没有全国性测试;中国青少年体质测试工作开始略晚,已形成全国性的体质监测制度,但数据显性价值的缺失,相对制约了数据演变的深层次意义。对新时期青少年体质健康工作的启示:完善青少年体质监测体系;建立学生个人体质健康电子化档案,形成纵向数据跟踪,进行体质监测智慧化治理;重视并加强少数民族、乡村青少年体质健康促进;稳步推进高考体育改革。

This paper applies the method of literature review to comb through the development history,research content,methods,evaluation systems,and challenges faced in the physical health of adolescents in China and the United States.It reveals the developmental challenges and research outcomes of adolescent physical health issues in China and the United States at different stages.The physical and health testing of adolescents in the United States started earlier,which to some extent promoted the development of research on adolescent physical and health.Currently,there are only regional physical and health tests,and no national tests;The physical fitness testing work for Chinese teenagers started slightly later and a nationwide physical fitness monitoring system has been established.However,the lack of explicit value in data has relatively constrained the deep significance of data evolution.Enlightenment for the physical health work of adolescents in the new era:Improving the monitoring work of adolescents'physical fitness;Establishing electronic health records of students'physical fitness to form longitudinal data tracking and intelligent governance of physical monitoring;Focusing on and strengthening the promotion of physical health among minority and rural adolescents;Advancing the reform of physical education in college entrance examinations.