核设施安全隐患分类研究

Study on the Classification of Safety Hazards in Nuclear Facilities

国内核设施在建设、运行等生命周期中收集记录了大量的安全隐患,但目前对核设施的安全隐患尚无规范适用的分类准则,无法对相关信息进行合适的分类和精准识别,以甄别出安全薄弱环节及整改措施重心、提升安全管理的精细化和规范化水平。针对核设施具有产业链长、类型多等特点,通过调研分析国内外核行业及核安全监管领域以及其他大型行业有关安全隐患的分类方法和经验做法,结合核设施的特点及国内监管实践,形成适用于我国核设施安全隐患管理的分类方法建议。在此基础上,最终提出按安全隐患的直接产生原因作为分级准则,包括人、设备、环境、管理4大类要素及19项细分小类的分类方法建议。

A large number of safety hazards are collected and recorded in the life cycle of domestic nuclear facilities such as construction and operation,but there is no clear classification guideline for the safety hazards of nuclear facilities,which should be classified appropriately to identify the safety weaknesses and the focus of rectification measures and improve the accuracy and standardization of safety management.In view of the long industrial chain and many types of nuclear facilities,the classification methods and experiences of nuclear industry,nuclear safety supervision and other large industries at home and abroad are investigated and analyzed,and combined with the characteristics of nuclear facilities and domestic supervision practices,a classification method is proposed for the management of safety hazards of nuclear facilities in China.On this basis,the proposed classification method is based on the direct cause of the safety hazards,including four categories of human,equipment,environment and management elements and 19 subcategories.