体外膜肺氧合支持下经皮冠状动脉介入治疗患者预后的影响因素

Prognostic factors of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

目的探讨动静脉体外膜肺氧合(VA-ECMO)支持下经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗急性心肌缺血合并难治性心源性休克患者预后的影响因素。方法回顾性分析2022年1月至2023年4月期间于兰州大学第一医院因急性心肌缺血合并难治性心源性休克接受VA-ECMO辅助行PCI治疗70例患者的临床资料,根据VA-ECMO撤机成功与否将其分为成功组(54例)和失败组(16例),比较两组患者一般资料、术中情况、血流动力学及生化指标结果,分析影响患者临床结局的独立风险因素。结果成功组ECMO辅助时间明显小于失败组(P<0.05),其余一般资料组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者术前TIMI分级、病变血管支数、IVUS使用情况、心电图结果、SYNTAX评分等差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与治疗前相比,ECMO辅助PCI治疗后患者的动脉血氧饱和度(SaO2)、左室每搏量(LVSV)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、二尖瓣侧壁瓣环收缩速度(Sa)、主动脉瓣口前向血流频谱(AV)、速度-时间积分(VTI)、三尖瓣瓣环收缩期位移(TAPSE)明显升高(P<0.05),左室收缩期末容积(LVESV)明显降低(P<0.05)。与失败组对比,成功组的心率(HR)、休克指数(SI)、血乳酸(Lac)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)及总胆红素(TBIL)更低(P<0.05)。两组ECMO流量、SaO2等指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。单因素logistic回归分析结果显示ECMO辅助时间、HR、Lac、CRP、AST及TBIL是影响急性心肌缺血合并难治性心源性休克患者撤机失败的因素。结论VA-ECMO辅助PCI治疗可显著改善急性心肌缺血合并难治性心源性休克患者心脏功能,超声心动图参数(LVESV、LVSV、LVEF、Sa、AV、VTI、TAPSE)及临床指标(HR、Lac、CRP、AST、TBIL)动态评估对患者预后具有一定的临床价值。

Objective To explore the clinical value of transthoracic echocardiography(TTE)and related clinical indexesin the evaluation of percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)supported by arteriovenous extracor⁃poreal membrane oxygenation(VA-ECMO)in the treatment of patients with acute myocardial ischemia complicated by refractory cardiogenic shock.Methods The clinical data of 70 patients with acute myocardial ischemia complicated by refractory cardiogenic shock treated with VA-ECMO in the First Hospital of Lanzhou University from January 2022 to April 2023 were analyzed retrospectively.According to the success of VA-ECMO withdrawal,the patients were divided into success group(54 cases)and failure group(16 cases).The general data,Intraoperative condi⁃tion,hemodynamic and biochemical indexes of the two groups were compared,and the independent risk factors affecting the clinical outcome were analyzed.Results The time of ECMO assistance in the success group was significantly shorter than that in the failure group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference inother general information between the two groups(all P>0.05).There was no significant difference in preoperative TIMI grade,number of diseased vascular branches,use of IVUS,ECG results and SYNTAX score between the two groups(all P>0.05).Compared with those before treatment,arterial oxygen saturation(SaO2),left ventricular stroke volume(LVSV),left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),mitral annulus systolic velocity(Sa),aortic orifice forward flow spectrum(AV),velocity-time integral(VTI)and tricuspid annulus systolic displacement(TAPSE)increased significantly after ECMO plus PCI treatment(all P<0.05).Left ventricular end systolic volume(LVESV)decreased significantly(P<0.05).Compared with those in the failure group,the heart rate(HR),shock index(SI),blood lactic acid(Lac),C-reactive protein(CRP),aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and total bilirubin(TBIL)were lower in the success group(all P<0.05).There was no significant difference in ECMO flow and SaO2 between the two groups(P>0.05).Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that ECMO-supporting time,HR,Lac,CRP,AST and TBIL were the influencing factors of weaning failure in patients with acute myocardial ischemia complicated with refractory cardiogenic shock.Conclusion VA-ECMO combined with PCI can significantly improve cardiac function in patients with acute myocardial ischemia complicated by refractory cardiogenic shock.Echocardiographic parameters(LVESV,LVSV,LVEF,Sa,AV,VTI,TAPSE)and clinical indexes(HR,Lac,CRP,AST,TBIL)have certain clinical value for theprognosis.